Azores Deep-sea Research

Fishers’ Local Ecological Knowledge of vulnerable marine ecosystems indicator species on the Portuguese continental shelf and upper slope

Ecosystems and People

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Oct, 2025

1 team member is author

OA DOI 10.1080/26395916.2025.2566067

Authors 10.1080/26395916.2025.2566067

Ana Rita Soares Ana Hilário

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Sandra Ramos Cristina Pita Joana R. Xavier

Abstract

16 pages, 6 figures, 1 table

Democratizing deep-sea research for biodiversity conservation

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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Oct, 2025

11 team members are authors

DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2025.09.015

Authors 10.1016/j.tree.2025.09.015

Telmo Morato

Luís Rodrigues

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

João Balsa

Inês Bruno

Inês Carneiro

Laurence Fauconnet

Guilherme Gonçalves Marc P Vilavendrell

Manuela Ramos

Gerald H. Taranto

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió

Deep-sea ecosystems of the North Atlantic Ocean: discovery, status, function and future challenges

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

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Aug, 2025

1 team member is author

OA DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2025.104580

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2025.104580

A. Louise Allcock Diva J. Amon Amelia E.h. Bridges Ana Colaço Elva Escobar‐Briones Ana Hilário Kerry L. Howell Nélia C. Mestre Frank Müller‐Karger Imants G. Priede Paul V. R. Snelgrove Kathleen Sullivan Sealey Joana R. Xavier Anna M. Addamo Teresa Amaro Geethani Bandara Narissa Bax Andreia Braga‐Henriques Angelika Brandt Saskia Brix Sergio Cambronero‐Solano Cristina Cedeño – Posso Jon Copley Erik E. Cordes Jorge Cortés Aldo Cróquer Daphné Cuvelier Jaime S. Davies Jennifer M. Durden Patricia Esquete Nicola L. Foster Inmaculada Frutos Ryan Gasbarro Andrew R. Gates Marta Gomes Lucy V.m. Goodwin Tammy Horton Thomas F. Hourigan Henk‐Jan Hoving Daniel O. B. Jones Siddhi Joshi Kelly Kingon Anne‐Nina Lörz Ana María Martins Véronique Merten Anna Meta×As Rosanna Milligan Tina N. Molodtsova

Telmo Morato Declan Morrissey Beatriz Naranjo‐Elizondo Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy Steinunn H. Ólafsdóttir Alexa Parimbelli Marian Peña Nils Piechaud Stefan Ragnarsson Sofia P. Ramalho Clara F. Rodrigues Rebecca E. Ross Hanieh Saeedi Régis Santos Patrick Schwing Tiago Da Rosa Serpa Arvind K. Shantharam Angela Stevenson Ana Belén Yánez-Suárez Tracey Sutton Jörundur Svavarsson Michelle L. Taylor Jesse Van Der Grient Nadescha Zwerschke

A cost-effective, open-source laboratory system for 3D photogrammetric analysis of corals

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Aug, 2025

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 1 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105525

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr2.2025.105525

A. Romo Cristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate Meri Bilan Andrea Gori Alfredo Veiga Rodrigo Pérez‐Sánchez Maria Rakka

António Godinho Timm Schoening Andrew B. Carey

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Covadonga Orejas

Physiological responses of the cold-water octocoral Dentomuricea aff. meteor to sublethal effects of Cu exposure: A risk assessment to deep-sea mining activities

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Jun, 2025

3 team members are authors

OA DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118248

Authors 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118248

Inês Martins Beatriz Mano

António Godinho Joana Goulart Guilherme Vinícius Teixeira

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Abstract

The growing commercial demand for metal resources has increased interest in deep-sea mining, raising concerns about the environmental impacts on benthic organisms from metals such as copper (Cu) released during excavation and dewatering processes. Previous research found that the cold-water octocoral Dentomuricea aff. meteor has a lethal Cu concentration (LC50) of 137 μg L^-1, indicating its high sensitivity to Cu. This study investigates the response of the cold-water octocoral D. aff. meteor to sublethal Cu concentrations (5-60 μg L^-1) over a two-week exposure period followed by a two-week recovery phase. Results show that Cu accumulates in both coral tissue and skeleton, with concentrations reaching up to 39 μg g^-1 in tissue and 38 μg g^-1 in skeleton at the highest exposure level. Despite initially maintaining cellular homeostasis, the corals exhibited persistent oxidative stress during recovery, evidenced by elevated levels of lipid peroxidation (MDA), stress signalling (HSP70) and antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GPx and SOD). This research provides critical insights into how cold-water corals respond to and recover from Cu exposure, emphasizing their vulnerability under mining scenarios. The findings underscore the necessity of regular monitoring of deep-sea mining sites, as delayed toxicity responses could threaten these ecosystems. The study highlights the importance of incorporating such data into industry guidelines and International Seabed Authority (ISA) regulations to balance environmental protection with economic interests. Effective management and periodic reassessment of mining impacts are essential to protect these sensitive deep-sea organisms.

Adverse effects of ocean acidification on embryonic survival of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum pertusum

Invertebrate Biology

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Jun, 2025

1 team member is author

Citations 1 DOI 10.71161/ivb.144.1.2024.00001

Authors 10.71161/ivb.144.1.2024.00001

Maria Rakka

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Ann I. Larsson

Assessing the success of marine ecosystem restoration using meta-analysis

Nature Communications

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Mar, 2025

1 team member is author

OA Citations 15 Rising DOI 10.1038/s41467-025-57254-2

Authors 10.1038/s41467-025-57254-2

Roberto Danovaro James Aronson Silvia Bianchelli Christoffer Boström Wei Chen R. Cimino Cinzia Corinaldesi Jordi Cortina Paolo D’ambrosio Cristina Gambi Joaquim Garrabou Alessandra Giorgetti Anthony Grehan Amel Salhi‐Hannachi Luisa Mangialajo

Telmo Morato Sotiris Orfanidis Nadia Papadopoulou Eva Ramírez-Llodra Chris Smith Paul V. R. Snelgrove Johan Van De Koppel J.p.m. Van Tatenhove Simonetta Fraschetti

From physics to fish: 50 Years of research at Great Meteor Seamount, NE Atlantic

Marine Biodiversity

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Jan, 2025

3 team members are authors

OA Citations 1 DOI 10.1007/s12526-024-01484-y

Authors 10.1007/s12526-024-01484-y

Inês Tojeira Miguel Souto Manfred Kaufmann

Manuela Ramos

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Heino O. Fock Kai Horst George Theo Gerkema

Telmo Morato Beatriz Mouriño‐Carballido Hans Van Haren Martin White Joana R. Xavier Teresa Rafael Bettina Martin Henrique N. Cabral José Lino Costa Christian Mohn

Seabed stability inferred from the 2019–2020 earthquake swarm under a volcanic cone field and slopes of Condor Seamount, Azores

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Jan, 2025

1 team member is author

OA DOI 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108279

Authors 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2025.108279

Neil C. Mitchell Fernando Tempera Thomas Morrow Joaquim Luís Christian Hübscher

Telmo Morato

Abstract

Knowledge of the strength of submarine volcaniclastic deposits is important for assessing the stability of slopes of such materials and their geohazards but is dif cult to measure. An opportunity for an alternative evaluation has been presented by an earthquake swarm under a volcanic seamount in the Azores. Attenuation relationships applied to earthquake data suggest that a cone eld and anks of the seamount experienced horizontal accel- erations of >0.3 g during the swarm. However, multibeam sonar data collected before and after the swarm suggest that no slope failures occurred. Furthermore, in backscatter data collected after the swarm, low in- tensities below slopes suggest that muddy aprons were undisturbed by landslide debris. The swarm overlies cones with slopes near typical repose angles of non-cohesive particles. During earthquake shaking, the direction of maximum acceleration deviates from that due to gravity alone. We show that cone slopes effectively experienced much steeper gradients than their repose angles during the swarm. As they survived the shaking without failing, they were effectively stronger than non-cohesive sediment. We use a pseudo-static analysis to investigate the implied sediment strength, nding a ratio of undrained shear strength to vertical stress of >0.4–0.5. This implies shear strength of >24–30 kPa at 10 m depth below seabed. We speculate that carbonate cements and/or compaction may be responsible. If shallow areas are more widely strengthened, slope failure may then be less likely during moderate (ML ~ 4.0 or less) seismic shaking and hence be less hazardous than if the slopes comprised wholly non-cohesive materials.

Assessment tool addresses implementation challenges of ecosystem-based management principles in marine spatial planning processes

Communications Earth & Environment

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Jan, 2025

1 team member is author

OA Citations 15 Rising DOI 10.1038/s43247-024-01975-7

Authors 10.1038/s43247-024-01975-7

Ibon Galparsoro Natalia Montero Gotzon Mandiola Iratxe Menchaca Ángel Borja Wesley Flannery Stelios Katsanevakis Simonetta Fraschetti Erika Fabbrizzi Michael Elliott María Bas Steve Barnard G.j. Piet Sylvaine Giakoumi Maren Kruse Benedict Mcateer Robert Mzungu Runya Olga Lukyanova

Telmo Morato Annaïk Van Gerven S. Degraer Stefan Neuenfeldt Vanessa Stelzenmüller

Abstract

Abstract Ecosystem-based marine spatial planning is an approach to managing maritime activities while ensuring human well-being and biodiversity conservation as key pillars for sustainable development. Here, we use a comprehensive literature review and a co-development process with experts to build an assessment framework and tool that integrates the fundamental principles of an ecosystem approach to management and translates them into specific actions to be undertaken during planning processes. We illustrate the potential of this tool through the evaluation of two national marine spatial plans (Spain and France), in consultation with the representatives involved in their development and implementation. To ensure more coherent future planning, socio-ecological system evolution in a climate change scenario and the future marine space needs of maritime sectors should be considered, as well as improving the governance structure and knowledge of ecosystem processes. This framework provides a consistent and transparent assessment method for practitioners and competent authorities.

Environmental niche, spatial distribution and size structure of shelf-dwelling populations of the gorgonian Eunicella cavolini (Koch, 1887) in NW Mediterranean

Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science

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Nov, 2024

1 team member is author

Citations 2 DOI 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109042

Authors 10.1016/j.ecss.2024.109042

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Andrea Gori Joan Lluís Riera Katleen Robert Susana Requena Covadonga Orejas Claudio Lo Iacono Claude Estournel Josep María Gili

Rethinking sustainability of marine fisheries for a fast-changing planet

npj Ocean Sustainability

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Sep, 2024

1 team member is author

OA Citations 32 Hot DOI 10.1038/s44183-024-00078-2

Authors 10.1038/s44183-024-00078-2

Callum M. Roberts Christophe Béné Nathan Bennett James S. Boon William W. L. Cheung Philippe Cury Omar Defeo Georgia De Jong Cleyndert Rainer Froese Didier Gascuel Christopher D. Golden Julie P. Hawkins Alistair J. Hobday Jennifer Jacquet Paul S. Kemp Mimi E. Lam Frédéric Le Manach Jessica J. Meeuwig Fiorenza Micheli

Telmo Morato Catrin Norris Claire Nouvian Daniel Pauly Ellen K. Pikitch Fabián Piña Amargós Andrea Sáenz‐Arroyo U. Rashid Sumaila Louise Teh Les Watling Bethan C. O’leary

Abstract

Abstract Many seafood products marketed as “sustainable” are not. More exacting sustainability standards are needed to respond to a fast-changing world and support United Nations SDGs. Future fisheries must operate on principles that minimise impacts on marine life, adapt to climate change and allow regeneration of depleted biodiversity, while supporting and enhancing the health, wellbeing and resilience of people and communities. We set out 11 actions to achieve these goals.

Habitat shifts of the vulnerable crinoid Leptometra phalangium under climate change scenarios

Progress In Oceanography

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Sep, 2024

1 team member is author

OA Citations 1 DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103355

Authors 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103355

Jade Millot Vincent Georges Valentina Lauria Tarek Hattab

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Vasilis Gerovasileiou Chris Smith Chryssi Mytilineou M. Teresa Farriols Marie-Claire Fabri Pierluigi Carbonara Daniela Massi Paola Rinelli Adriana Profeta Giovanni Chimienti Angélique Jadaud Ioannis Thasitis Kelly Camilleri Jurgen Mifsud Sandrine Vaz

Cold-water octocoral interactions with microplastics under laboratory conditions

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

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Sep, 2024

3 team members are authors

OA Citations 3 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104400

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104400

João Pereira

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Anaïs Sire De Vilar

António Godinho Ceri Lewis Christopher K. Pham

Drivers of trophodynamics of the open-ocean and deep-sea environments of the Azores, NE Atlantic

Progress In Oceanography

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Sep, 2024

3 team members are authors

OA DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103357

Authors 10.1016/j.pocean.2024.103357

Joana Brito Ambre Soszynski Johanna J. Heymans Simone Libralato Eva Giacomello

Laurence Fauconnet Gui M. Menezes

Telmo Morato

Advancing the frontier of fish geolocation into the ocean’s midwaters

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

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Aug, 2024

2 team members are authors

Citations 9 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104386

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2024.104386

Martin C. Arostegui Pedro Afonso

Laurence Fauconnet Jorge Fontes Bruno C. L. Macena Cynthia Meyer

Telmo Morato Camrin D. Braun

Report on the Marine Imaging Workshop 2022

Research Ideas and Outcomes

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Mar, 2024

1 team member is author

OA Citations 5 DOI 10.3897/rio.10.e119782

Authors 10.3897/rio.10.e119782

Catherine Borremans Jennifer M. Durden Timm Schoening Emma J. Curtis Luther Adams Alexandra Branzan Albu Aurélien Arnaubec Sakina‐Dorothée Ayata Reshma Baburaj Corinne J. Bassin Miriam Beck Katharine Bigham Rachel E. Boschen‐Rose Chad Collett Matteo Contini Paulo Vinicius Ferraz Corrêa

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Gautier Dreyfus Graeme Duncan Maxime Ferrera Valentin Foulon Ariell Friedman Santosh Gaikwad Chloe A. Game Adriana Gaytán-Caballero F Girard Michela Giusti Mélissa Hanafi‐Portier Kerry L. Howell Iryna Hulevata Kiamuke Itiowe Chris Jackett Jan Jansen Clarissa Karthäuser Kakani Katija Maxime Kernec Gabriel Kim Marcelo Visentini Kitahara Daniel Langenkämper Tim Langlois Nadine Lantéri Jianping Li Qi-Yang Li Pierre-Olivier Liabot Dhugal J. Lindsay Ali Loulidi Yann Marcon Simone Marini Ashley Marranzino Miquel Massot‐Campos Marjolaine Matabos Lénàïck Menot Bernabé Moreno Marcus Morrissey David Nakath Tim W. Nattkemper Monika Neufeld Matthias Obst Karine Olu Alexa Parimbelli Francesca Pasotti Dominique Pelletier Margaux Perhirin Nils Piechaud Oscar Pizarro Autun Purser Clara F. Rodrigues Elena Ceballos‐Romero Brian Schlining Yifan Song Heidi M. Sosik Marc Sourisseau Bastien Taormina Jan Taucher Blair Thornton Loïc Van Audenhaege Charles Von Der Meden Guillaume Wacquet Jack Williams Kea Witting Martin Zurowietz

Abstract

Imaging is increasingly used to capture information on the marine environment thanks to the improvements in imaging equipment, devices for carrying cameras and data storage in recent years. In that context, biologists, geologists, computer specialists and end-users must gather to discuss the methods and procedures for optimising the quality and quantity of data collected from images. The 4 th Marine Imaging Workshop was organised from 3-6 October 2022 in Brest (France) in a hybrid mode. More than a hundred participants were welcomed in person and about 80 people attended the online sessions. The workshop was organised in a single plenary session of presentations followed by discussion sessions. These were based on dynamic polls and open questions that allowed recording of the imaging community’s current and future ideas. In addition, a whole day was dedicated to practical sessions on image analysis, data standardisation and communication tools. The format of this edition allowed the participation of a wider community, including lower-income countries, early career scientists, all working on laboratory, benthic and pelagic imaging. This article summarises the topics addressed during the workshop, particularly the outcomes of the discussion sessions for future reference and to make the workshop results available to the open public.

First insights into the embryo and larval biology of the antipatharian coral Antipathella wollastoni

Marine Biology

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Mar, 2024

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 1 DOI 10.1007/s00227-024-04412-7

Authors 10.1007/s00227-024-04412-7

Maria Rakka

António Godinho Meri Bilan

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

A simulation-based approach to assess the stability of marine food-webs and inform Good Environmental Status

Ecological Indicators

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Dec, 2023

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 2 DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111411

Authors 10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.111411

Joana Brito Simone Libralato

Telmo Morato

Abstract

The European Union Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) recognises that maintaining marine food-webs in Good Environmental Status (GES) is fundamental to ensure the long-term provision of essential ecosystem goods and services. However, operationalising food-web assessments is challenging due to difficulties in i) implementing simple but complete monitoring programmes, ii) identifying thresholds in monitoring indicators that inform when perturbations are diverting food-web state from GES and iii) in providing an integrative and complete picture of the (health) status of food-webs. In this context, stability assessments of marine food-webs could be useful to identifying the indicators that best track perturbation-induced changes in food-web state and the threshold boundaries that should not be exceeded to minimise the likelihood of losing stability. Yet, there is still a lack of systematic methods to perform such assessments. Here, we evaluate the potential of a simulation-based protocol to be used as a methodological standard for assessing the stability of marine food-webs. The protocol draws on the principles of ecological stability theory and provides a framework for assessing the trajectories of individual indicators during perturbation regimes and their robustness in detecting stability thresholds for marine food-webs. We tested the protocol on an open-ocean and deep-sea food-web modelled with the Ecopath with Ecosim suite. We concluded that indicators that quantify transfer efficiency through the food-web and measure the average trophic level of the community are optimal proxies for trophic functioning and structure to assess the stability of the system. Furthermore, we show how the approach can be applied to i) determine the impact of a loss of stability on the balance between trophic levels and ii) identify the biological components of the food-web that are most affected in scenarios of stability loss. Our findings could be useful for the ongoing debate on how trophic models and derived indicators can play a concrete and practical role in the food-web assessments in European seas.

First assessment of circle hooks as bycatch mitigation measure for deep-water sharks on longline fisheries

Fisheries Research

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Oct, 2023

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 3 DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106877

Authors 10.1016/j.fishres.2023.106877

Laurence Fauconnet

Telmo Morato Diya Das Diana Catarino Jorge Fontes Eva Giacomello Pedro Afonso

Abstract

The recognition that deep-water sharks are among the most vulnerable marine species to fisheries exploitation led to the implementation of fishing prohibition regulations in European waters. Reducing unwanted bycatch and mortality are key fisheries mitigation measure for the conservation of these species. Yet, few studies have investigated how to mitigate the common bycatch of these sharks on deep-water longline fisheries. Specifically, the potential of hook type as such a measure has never been investigated. Here, we conducted fishing experiments to test how circle hooks affect the catchability, the hooking position, and the overall condition of deep-water sharks, in comparison to the commonly used J-hooks in the Azores bottom longline fishery. We found that circle hooks did not significantly reduce deep hooking (throat or gut hooked), nor improve the overall condition of captured sharks, while the catchability of deep-water sharks on circle hooks was greater than on the J-hooks currently used in the local fishery. As such, circle hooks do not appear as a suitable measure to reduce deep-water shark bycatch and increase survival potential in deep-water longlining. Despite deep hooking being rare for the deep-water sharks caught with both hook types in the experiments, at-vessel mortality was still substantial (around 40%). Post-release survival remains mostly unquantified but preliminary results suggest it could also be high. This study highlights the urgent need for continued research addressing bycatch mitigation measures for deep-water sharks and identifying efficient strategies to reduce bycatch and increase survival.

Towards a scientific community consensus on designating Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems from imagery

PeerJ

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Oct, 2023

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 16 Rising DOI 10.7717/peerj.16024

Authors 10.7717/peerj.16024

Amy R. Baco Rebecca E. Ross Franziska Althaus Diva J. Amon Amelia E.h. Bridges Saskia Brix Pål Buhl‐Mortensen Ana Colaço

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Malcolm R. Clark Cherisse Du Preez Mari-Lise Franken Matthew Gianni Genoveva Gonzalez‐Mirelis Thomas F. Hourigan Kerry L. Howell Lisa A. Levin Dhugal J. Lindsay Tina N. Molodtsova Nicole B. Morgan

Telmo Morato Beatriz E. Mejía‐Mercado David O’sullivan Tabitha R. R. Pearman David M. Price Katleen Robert Laura E. Robson Ashley A. Rowden James Taylor Michelle L. Taylor Lissette Victorero Les Watling Alan Williams Joana R. Xavier Chris Yesson

Abstract

Management of deep-sea fisheries in areas beyond national jurisdiction by Regional Fisheries Management Organizations/Arrangements (RFMO/As) requires identification of areas with Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems (VMEs). Currently, fisheries data, including trawl and longline bycatch data, are used by many RFMO/As to inform the identification of VMEs. However, the collection of such data creates impacts and there is a need to collect non-invasive data for VME identification and monitoring purposes. Imagery data from scientific surveys satisfies this requirement, but there currently is no established framework for identifying VMEs from images. Thus, the goal of this study was to bring together a large international team to determine current VME assessment protocols and establish preliminary global consensus guidelines for identifying VMEs from images. An initial assessment showed a lack of consistency among RFMO/A regions regarding what is considered a VME indicator taxon, and hence variability in how VMEs might be defined. In certain cases, experts agreed that a VME could be identified from a single image, most often in areas of scleractinian reefs, dense octocoral gardens, multiple VME species’ co-occurrence, and chemosynthetic ecosystems. A decision flow chart is presented that gives practical interpretation of the FAO criteria for single images. To further evaluate steps of the flow chart related to density, data were compiled to assess whether scientists perceived similar density thresholds across regions. The range of observed densities and the density values considered to be VMEs varied considerably by taxon, but in many cases, there was a statistical difference in what experts considered to be a VME compared to images not considered a VME. Further work is required to develop an areal extent index, to include a measure of confidence, and to increase our understanding of what levels of density and diversity correspond to key ecosystem functions for VME indicator taxa. Based on our results, the following recommendations are made: 1. There is a need to establish a global consensus on which taxa are VME indicators. 2. RFMO/As should consider adopting guidelines that use imagery surveys as an alternative (or complement) to using bycatch and trawl surveys for designating VMEs. 3. Imagery surveys should also be included in Impact Assessments. And 4. All industries that impact the seafloor, not just fisheries, should use imagery surveys to detect and identify VMEs.

Predicting the distribution and abundance of abandoned, lost or discarded fishing gear (ALDFG) in the deep sea of the Azores (North Atlantic)

The Science of The Total Environment

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Aug, 2023

8 team members are authors

OA Citations 18 Rising DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166579

Authors 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166579

Emily M. Duncan Nina Vieira José Manuel González‐Irusta

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió

Telmo Morato

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Joachim Jakobsen Kirsten Jakobsen

Filipe M. Porteiro Nina Schläpfer Laura Herrera

Manuela Ramos

Yasmina Rodríguez João Pereira

Laurence Fauconnet

Luís Rodrigues Hugo Parra Christopher K. Pham

Systematic evaluation of a spatially explicit ecosystem model to inform area-based management in the deep-sea

Ocean & Coastal Management

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Aug, 2023

2 team members are authors

Citations 6 DOI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106807

Authors 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106807

Joana Brito Ambre Soszynski Christopher K. Pham Eva Giacomello Gui M. Menezes Jeroen Steenbeek David Chagaris

Telmo Morato

FUN Azores: a FUNctional trait database for the meio-, macro-, and megafauna from the Azores Marine Park (Mid-Atlantic Ridge)

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution

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Jul, 2023

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 8 DOI 10.3389/fevo.2023.1050268

Authors 10.3389/fevo.2023.1050268

Neus Campanyà‐Llovet Amanda E. Bates Daphné Cuvelier Eva Giacomello Diana Catarino Andrew J. Gooday Björn Berning Blanca Figuerola Manuel António E. Malaquias Carlos J. Moura Joana R. Xavier Tracey Sutton

Laurence Fauconnet Sofia P. Ramalho Bárbara De Moura Neves Gui M. Menezes Tammy Horton Andrey Gebruk K. V. Minin Joël Bried Tina N. Molodtsova Mónica A. Silva A. B. Dilman Antonina Kremenetskaia Eudriano F. S. Costa Jameson W. Clarke Helen R. Martins Christopher K. Pham

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Ana Colaço

Abstract

Trait-based approaches that complement taxonomy-based studies have increased in popularity among the scientific community over the last decades. The collection of biological and ecological characteristics of species (i.e., traits) provides insight into species and ecosystem vulnerability to environmental and anthropogenic changes, as well as ecosystem functioning. Here, we present the FUN Azores trait database, describe our approach, evaluate its scope, compare it to other marine trait databases, and explore the spatial distribution of its traits with “functional maps.” While most of the available trait databases to date contain essential information to understand the functional diversity of a taxonomic or functional group, our ecosystem-based approach provides a comprehensive assessment of diverse fauna (i.e., meio-, macro-, and megafauna) from benthic and pelagic environments in the Azores Marine Park; including ridges, seamounts, hydrothermal vents, and the overlying water column. We used a collaborative approach involving 30 researchers with different expertise to develop the FUN Azores database, which contains compiled data on 14 traits representing morphological, behavioral, and life history characteristics for 1,210 species across 10 phyla. The “functional maps” show a distinct distribution of the two most common size classes, suggesting different communities with different functionalities. The following traits had the best scoring coverage (i.e., >95% of the species scored): maximum body size, body form, skeleton material, feeding structure, motility, environmental position, substratum affinity, distribution, and depth range; while traits related to species behavior (e.g., sociability or aggregation tendencies) and life history (e.g., developmental mechanism) had lower scoring coverage, highlighting the need for further research to fill these knowledge gaps. We found a larger number of species in the benthic compared to the pelagic environment and differing species composition between areas within the Azores Marine Park resulting from varying biodiversity, ecosystem types, sampling effort, and methodologies used. The FUN Azores database will foster and facilitate trait-based approaches in the area, develop a framework for expansion of cross-ecosystem and cross-taxa trait databases elsewhere, and improve our ecological understanding of the Azores Marine Park and its conservation requirements.

A modelling framework to assess multiple metals impacts on marine food webs: Relevance for assessing the ecological implications of deep-sea mining based on a systematic review

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Apr, 2023

2 team members are authors

Citations 12 DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114902

Authors 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114902

Irene Martins A. Guerra Ana Azevedo Ombéline Harasse Ana Colaço Joana R. Xavier Miguel Caetano

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Inês Martins Teresa Neuparth Joana Raimundo Joana Soares Miguel M. Santos

Tidal to decadal scale hydrodynamics at two contrasting cold-water coral sites in the Northeast Atlantic

Progress In Oceanography

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Apr, 2023

3 team members are authors

OA Citations 8 DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103031

Authors 10.1016/j.pocean.2023.103031

Christian Mohn Jørgen L. S. Hansen

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Stuart A. Cunningham Evert De Froe

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Stefan F. Gary Ronnie N. Glud Cordula Göke Clare Johnson

Telmo Morato Eva Friis Møller Lorenzo Rovelli Kirstin Schulz Karline Soetaert Anna‐Selma Van Der Kaaden Dick Van Oevelen

Abstract

Cold-water corals (CWCs) thrive in areas with complex and rough topography favoring the development of highly diverse benthic communities. Several biotic and abiotic factors including organic matter supply, temperature, bottom roughness and currents are important drivers of ecosystem structure and functioning in deep-sea environments at different spatial and temporal scales. Little is known, however, how basin-scale changes in the ocean climate affect these drivers at local scales. Here, we use high-resolution implementations of the hydrodynamic model ROMS-AGRIF for estimating characteristic spatial and temporal scales of local hydrodynamics in response to variations of basin-scale currents imposed by distinct changes of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) in the past century. We focus on two CWC communities on the SE Rockall Bank slope and at Condor Seamount. We considered two contrasting AMOC states that were identified from the 1958–2009 hindcast of the 1/20° resolution VIKING20 North Atlantic basin-scale ocean circulation model and used as boundary conditions for the high-resolution local area models. At SE Rockall Bank, variability of near-bottom currents in both regions was largely dominated by tidal dynamics, but strongly modified by AMOC induced basin-scale variations of water mass properties and bottom currents. During strong AMOC years, waters in the main CWC depth corridor (600–1200 m) were cooler and less saline but were dominated by stronger bottom currents when compared with conditions during weak AMOC years. At Condor Seamount, bottom currents were largely unaffected by AMOC related changes close to the summit at water depths < 400 m. Kinetic energy dissipation rates derived from the 3D near-bottom velocity field appeared to positively relate with the in-situ CWC distribution. Kinetic energy dissipation is therefore proposed as a mechanistic descriptor of CWC presence as it provides a more mechanistic view of hydrodynamics driving organic matter supply to filter and suspension-feeding communities.

Spatial distributions, environmental drivers and co-existence patterns of key cold-water corals in the deep sea of the Azores (NE Atlantic)

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

|

Mar, 2023

6 team members are authors

OA Citations 20 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104028

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2023.104028

Gerald H. Taranto José Manuel González‐Irusta

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Christopher K. Pham Fernando Tempera

Manuela Ramos

Guilherme Gonçalves

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Telmo Morato

A blueprint for integrating scientific approaches and international communities to assess basin-wide ocean ecosystem status

Communications Earth & Environment

|

Jan, 2023

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 16 DOI 10.1038/s43247-022-00645-w

Authors 10.1038/s43247-022-00645-w

J. Murray Roberts Colin W. Devey Arne Biastoch

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Tina Dohna Boris Dorschel Vikki Gunn Veerle A.i. Huvenne David E. Johnson Didier Jollivet Ellen Kenchington Kate Larkin Marjolaine Matabos

Telmo Morato Malik S. Naumann Covadonga Orejas José Ángel Álvarez Pérez Stefán Á. Ragnarsson Albertus J. Smit Andrew K. Sweetman Sebastian Unger Benjamin Boteler Lea‐Anne Henry

Co-designing a multidisciplinary deep-ocean observing programme at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge in the Azores region: a blueprint for synergy in deep ocean research and conservation

ICES Journal of Marine Science

|

Nov, 2022

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 3 DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsac189

Authors 10.1093/icesjms/fsac189

Maria Pachiadaki Felix Janßen

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Telmo Morato Gilberto P. Carreira Helena C. Frazão Patrick Heimbach Isabel Iglesias Frank Müller‐Karger Miguel M. Santos Leslie Smith Michael F. Vardaro Fleur Visser Joanna J Waniek Ann-Christine Zinkann Ana Colaço

Local-scale feedbacks influencing cold-water coral growth and subsequent reef formation

Scientific Reports

|

Nov, 2022

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 22 DOI 10.1038/s41598-022-24711-7

Authors 10.1038/s41598-022-24711-7

Guillem Corbera Claudio Lo Iacono Gonzalo Simarro Jordi Grinyó Stefano Ambroso Veerle A.i. Huvenne Furu Mienis

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Inês Martins Beatriz Mano Covadonga Orejas Ann I. Larsson Sebastian Hennige Andrea Gori

Challenges in avoiding deep-water shark bycatch in Azorean hook-and-line fisheries

ICES Journal of Marine Science

|

Oct, 2022

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 12 Rising DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsac178

Authors 10.1093/icesjms/fsac178

Laurence Fauconnet Diana Catarino Diya Das Eva Giacomello José Manuel González‐Irusta Pedro Afonso

Telmo Morato

Abstract

Abstract Deep-water sharks are highly diverse, vulnerable, and understudied as a group, despite the increasing pressures on their populations. Twenty-five species of deep-water sharks have been recorded in the Azores, an oceanic archipelago in the mid-North Atlantic, that are regularly caught as bycatch in hook-and-line fisheries. Avoiding the bycatch of deep-water sharks presents multiple challenges due to their high catchability, difficulties in correctly identifying species, and the general lack of data on these species. This review summarizes the findings of recent studies from the region, providing an up-to-date science-based framework for mitigating bycatch effects of Azorean hook-and-line fisheries. Several depth-based, area-based, and gear-based measures have been studied that demonstrate the potential to either avoid or increase the survival of deep-water shark bycatch. However, these measures may have limited efficacy for some species (e.g. highly mobile species) and thus, limited widespread applicability. Convincing fishers to avoid deep-water shark bycatch is also a challenge given the antagonistic interactions with sharks damaging the catch and fishing gear, while simultaneously a market incentive for shark liver oil remains. It highlights the need to proactively engage fishers and incentivize the mitigation of bycatch of deep-water sharks in Azorean waters.

Mechanical and toxicological effects of deep-sea mining sediment plumes on a habitat-forming cold-water octocoral

Frontiers in Marine Science

|

Oct, 2022

5 team members are authors

OA Citations 27 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2022.915650

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2022.915650

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Inês Martins Virginie Riou Joana Raimundo Miguel Caetano Raúl Bettencourt Maria Rakka

Teresa Cerqueira

António Godinho

Telmo Morato Ana Colaço

Abstract

Deep-sea mining activities are expected to impact deep-sea biota through the generation of sediment plumes that disperse across vast areas of the ocean. Benthic sessile suspension-feeding fauna, such as cold-water corals, may be particularly susceptible to increased suspended sediments. Here, we exposed the cold-water octocoral, Dentomuricea aff. meteor to suspended particles generated during potential mining activities in a four weeks experimental study. Corals were exposed to three experimental treatments: (1) control conditions (no added sediments); (2) suspended polymetallic sulphide (PMS) particles; (3) suspended quartz particles. The two particle treatments were designed to distinguish between potential mechanical and toxicological effects of mining particles. PMS particles were obtained by grinding PMS inactive chimney rocks collected at the hydrothermal vent field Lucky Strike. Both particle types were delivered at a concentration of 25 mg L -1 , but achieved suspended concentrations were 2-3 mg L -1 for the PMS and 15-18 mg L -1 for the quartz particles due to the different particle density. Results of the experiment revealed a significant increase in dissolved cobalt, copper and manganese concentrations in the PMS treatment, resulting from the oxidation of sulphides in contact with seawater. Negative effects of PMS exposure included a progressive loss in tissue condition with necrosis and bioaccumulation of copper in coral tissues and skeletons, and death of all coral fragments by the end of the experiment. Physiological changes under PMS exposure, included increased respiration and ammonia excretion rates in corals after 13 days of exposure, indicating physiological stress and potential metabolic exhaustion. Changes in the cellular stress biomarkers and gene expression profiles were more pronounced in corals exposed to quartz particles, suggesting that the mechanical effect of particles although not causing measurable changes in the physiological functions of the coral, can still be detrimental to corals by eliciting cellular stress and immune responses. We hypothesize that the high mortality of corals recorded in the PMS treatment may have resulted from the combined and potentially synergistic mechanical and toxicological effects of the PMS particles. Given the dispersal potential of mining plumes and the highly sensitive nature of octocorals, marine protected areas, buffer areas or non-mining areas may be necessary to protect deep-sea coral communities.

Beyond deep-sea mining sublethal effects: Delayed mortality from acute Cu exposure of the cold-water octocoral Viminella flagellum

Marine Pollution Bulletin

|

Sep, 2022

3 team members are authors

Citations 9 DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114051

Authors 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114051

Inês Martins

António Godinho Maria Rakka

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Diversity, structure and spatial distribution of megabenthic communities in Cap de Creus continental shelf and submarine canyon (NW Mediterranean)

Progress In Oceanography

|

Aug, 2022

1 team member is author

OA Citations 26 DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102877

Authors 10.1016/j.pocean.2022.102877

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Joan Lluís Riera Katleen Robert Míkel Zabala Susana Requena Andrea Gori Covadonga Orejas Claudio Lo Iacono Claude Estournel Guillem Corbera Stefano Ambroso María Jesús Uriz Pablo J. López‐González Rafael Sardá Josep María Gili

Modelling the Dispersion of Seafloor Massive Sulphide Mining Plumes in the Mid Atlantic Ridge Around the Azores

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Jul, 2022

3 team members are authors

OA Citations 21 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2022.910940

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2022.910940

Telmo Morato Manuela Juliano Christopher K. Pham

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Inês Martins Ana Colaço

Abstract

It is increasingly recognised that deep-sea mining of seafloor massive sulphides (SMS) could become an important source of mineral resources. These operations will remove the targeted substrate and produce potentially toxic plumes from in situ seabed excavation and from the return water pumped back down to the seafloor. However, the spatial extent of the impact of deep-sea mining is still uncertain because few field experiments and models of plume dispersion have been conducted. In this study, we used three-dimensional hydrodynamic models of the Azores region together with a theoretical commercial mining operation of polymetallic SMS to simulate the potential dispersal of plumes originating from different phases of mining operations, and to assess the magnitude of potential impacts. Although the model simulations presented here were subject to many caveats, they did reveal some important patterns. The model projected marked differences among sites making generalisations about plume-dispersal patterns in mid-ocean ridges difficult. Nevertheless, the models predicted large horizontal and vertical plume-dispersals above the thresholds adopted. Persistent plumes (temporal frequency >50%, i.e., 6 months out of 12 months) were projected to disperse an average linear distance of 10 to 20 km, cover an area of 17 to 150 km2, and extend more than 800 m in the water column. In fact, the model projected that plumes may disperse beyond the licensed mining areas, reach the flanks and summits of nearby topographic features, and extend into the bathypelagic, mesopelagic, and epipelagic environments. Modelled plume-dispersal overlaps with the predicted distribution of cold-water corals and with existing fishing activities. These potential impacts would be of particular concern in regions such as the Azores, where local populations are highly dependent on the sea for their livelihoods. The findings of this study are an important initial step towards understanding the nature and magnitude of deep-sea mining impacts in space and time.

Variability of deep-sea megabenthic assemblages along the western pathway of the Mediterranean outflow water

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

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May, 2022

3 team members are authors

OA Citations 16 Rising DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103791

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103791

Patricia Puerta Ángela Mosquera-Giménez Olga Reñones

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió José L. Rueda Javier Urra

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Jordi Blasco-Ferre Yaiza Santana Cristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate P. Vélez‐Belchí J. Rivera

Telmo Morato Covadonga Orejas

Protecting global marine animal forests

Science

|

May, 2022

1 team member is author

OA Citations 28 Hot DOI 10.1126/science.abq7583

Authors 10.1126/science.abq7583

Sérgio Rossi Lorenzo Bramanti Paulo Antunes Horta A. Louise Allcock

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Martina Coppari Vianney Denis Louis Hadjioannou Enrique Isla Carlos Jiménez Mark P. Johnson Christian Mohn Covadonga Orejas Andreja Ramšak James Davis Reimer Baruch Rinkevich Lucia Rizzo Maria Salomidi Toufiek Samaai Nadine Schubert Marcelo De Oliveira Soares Ruth H. Thurstan Paolo Vassallo Patrizia Ziveri Juanita Zorrilla-Pujana

Abstract

International audience

Assessment of scientific gaps related to the effective environmental management of deep-seabed mining

Marine Policy

|

Mar, 2022

1 team member is author

OA Citations 174 DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105006

Authors 10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105006

Diva J. Amon Sabine Gollner

Telmo Morato Craig R. Smith Chong Chen Sabine Christiansen Bronwen Currie Jeffrey C. Drazen Tomohiko Fukushima Matthew Gianni Kristina M. Gjerde Andrew J. Gooday Georgina Guillen Grillo Matthias Haeckel Thembile Joyini Se‐Jong Ju Lisa A. Levin Anna Meta×As Kamila Mianowicz Tina N. Molodtsova Ingo Narberhaus Beth N. Orcutt Alison Swaddling Joshua Tuhumwire Patricio Urueña Palacio Michelle Walker P.p.e. Weaver Xue‐Wei Xu Clement Yow Mulalap Peter Edwards Chris Pickens

Abstract

A comprehensive understanding of the deep-sea environment and mining’s likely impacts is necessary to assess whether and under what conditions deep-seabed mining operations comply with the International Seabed Authority’s obligations to prevent ‘serious harm’ and ensure the ‘effective protection of the marine environment from harmful effects’ in accordance with the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea. A synthesis of the peer-reviewed literature and consultations with deep-seabed mining stakeholders revealed that, despite an increase in deep-sea research, there are few categories of publicly available scientific knowledge comprehensive enough to enable evidence-based decision-making regarding environmental management, including whether to proceed with mining in regions where exploration contracts have been granted by the International Seabed Authority. Further information on deep-sea environmental baselines and mining impacts is critical for this emerging industry. Closing the scientific gaps related to deep-seabed mining is a monumental task that is essential to fulfilling the overarching obligation to prevent serious harm and ensure effective protection, and will require clear direction, substantial resources, and robust coordination and collaboration. Based on the information gathered, we propose a potential high-level road map of activities that could stimulate a much-needed discussion on the steps that should be taken to close key scientific gaps before any exploitation is considered. These steps include the definition of environmental goals and objectives, the establishment of an international research agenda to generate new deep-sea environmental, biological, and ecological information, and the synthesis of data that already exist.

Distribution models of deep-sea elasmobranchs in the Azores, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, to inform spatial planning

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

|

Feb, 2022

3 team members are authors

Citations 20 Rising DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103707

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2022.103707

Diya Das José Manuel González‐Irusta

Telmo Morato

Laurence Fauconnet Diana Catarino Pedro Afonso Cláudia Viegas

Luís Rodrigues Gui M. Menezes Alexandra Rosa Mário Pinho Helder Marques Da Silva Eva Giacomello

Benthic O2 uptake by coral gardens at the Condor seamount (Azores)

Marine Ecology Progress Series

|

Feb, 2022

3 team members are authors

OA Citations 6 DOI 10.3354/meps14021

Authors 10.3354/meps14021

Lorenzo Rovelli

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Karl M. Attard Maria Rakka

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Meri Bilan Sabena Blackbird

Telmo Morato George A. Wolff Ronnie N. Glud

Abstract

Using the non-invasive aquatic eddy covariance technique, we provide the first oxygen (O 2 ) uptake rates from within coral gardens at the Condor seamount (Azores). To explore some of the key drivers of the benthic O 2 demand, we obtained benthic images, quantified local hydrodynamics, and estimated phototrophic biomass and deposition dynamics with a long-term moored sediment trap. The coral gardens were dominated by the octocorals Viminella flagellum and Dentomuricea aff. meteor . Daily rates of O 2 uptake within 3 targeted coral garden sites (203 to 206 m depth) ranged from 10.0 ± 0.88 to 18.8 ± 2.0 mmol m -2 d -1 (mean ± SE) and were up to 10 times higher than 2 local sandy reference sites within the seamount summit area. The overall mean O 2 uptake rate for the garden (13.4 mmol m -2 d -1 ) was twice the global mean for sedimentary habitats at comparable depths. Combined with parallel ex situ incubations, the results suggest that the octocorals might contribute just ~5% of the observed O 2 uptake rates. Deposition of particulate organic matter (POM) assessed by the sediment trap accounted for less than 10% of the O 2 demand of the coral garden, implying a substantial POM supply circumventing the deployed traps. Our results expand the database for carbon turnover rates in cold-water coral habitats by including the first estimates from these largely understudied coral gardens.

(Very) long‐term transport of Silurus glanis, Carcharhinus melanopterus, Scomber colias, Trachurus picturatus, Polyprion americanus, Rhinoptera marmoratus, Salmo salar, Scomber scombrus, Sardina pilchardus, and others, by land, water and air

Zoo Biology

|

Feb, 2022

1 team member is author

Citations 1 DOI 10.1002/zoo.21684

Authors 10.1002/zoo.21684

João P.s. Correia Gheylen Daghfous David Silva Gonçalo Graça Ivan Beltran João Reis José P. Marques Luís Silva Rui Guedes

Telmo Morato

Abstract

Abstract In this paper, we cover 4 years of live fish transports that ranged from 14 to 200 h (8 days), and bioloads from 3.8 to 76.9 kg/m 3 . The key ingredients for success in all trips, where virtually no mortality occurred, was atributed to (1) pre‐buffering the water with sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate at 50 g/m 3 (each)—and/or ATM Alka‐Haul TM at 25 g/m 3 —and applying additional (partial or full) doses throughout each transport, whenever the tanks were accessible; (2) pre‐quenching ammonia with ATM Triage TM at 32 g/m 3 , and applying additional (partial or full) doses throughout each transport, whenever the tanks were accessible; (3) keeping the dissolved oxygen saturation rate above 100%, ideally above 150%; (4) Keeping temperature on the lower limit of each species' tolerance range; (5) Using foam fractionators to effectively eliminate organic matter from the water and (6) Using pure sine wave inverters, which allows for a steady supply of electrical current throughout the transport. The use of a ‘preventive’ versus ‘corrective’ pH buffering philosophy is also discussed.

Dense cold‐water coral garden of Paragorgia johnsoni suggests the importance of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge for deep‐sea biodiversity

Ecology and Evolution

|

Nov, 2021

7 team members are authors

OA Citations 19 Rising DOI 10.1002/ece3.8319

Authors 10.1002/ece3.8319

Telmo Morato

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Christian Mohn Óscar Ocaña

Manuela Ramos

Luís Rodrigues Íris Sampaio

Gerald H. Taranto

Laurence Fauconnet Inês Tojeira Emanuel J. Gonçalves

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Abstract

Abstract Mid‐ocean ridges generate a myriad of physical oceanographic processes that favor the supply of food and nutrients to suspension‐ and filter‐feeding organisms, such as cold‐water corals and deep‐sea sponges. However, the pioneering work conducted along the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge failed to report the presence of large and dense living coral reefs, coral gardens, or sponge aggregations. Here, we describe the densest, near‐natural, and novel octocoral garden composed of large red and white colonies of Paragorgia johnsoni Gray, 1862 discovered at 545–595 m depth on the slopes of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, in the Azores region. This newly discovered octocoral garden is a good candidate for protection since it fits many of the FAO criteria that define what constitutes a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem. The observations described here corroborate the existence of a close relationship between the octocoral structure and the ambient currents on ridge‐like topographies, providing new insights into the functioning of mid‐ocean ridges' ecosystems. The ubiquitous presence of biogenic and geological topographies associated with mid‐ocean ridges, which could act as climate refugia, suggests their global importance for deep‐sea biodiversity. A better understanding of the processes involved is, therefore, required. Our observations may inspire future deep‐sea research initiatives to narrow existing knowledge gaps of biophysical connections with benthic fauna at small spatial scales along mid‐ocean ridges.

Estimations of free fatty acid (FFA) as a reliable proxy for larval performance in Mediterranean octocoral species

Mediterranean Marine Science

|

Nov, 2021

1 team member is author

OA Citations 6 DOI 10.12681/mms.27151

Authors 10.12681/mms.27151

Núria Viladrich Lorenzo Bramanti Georgios Tsounis Martina Coppari

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Audrey M. Pruski Sérgio Rossi

Abstract

The survival, behavior and competence period of lecithotrophic larvae depends not only on the energy allocation transferred by maternal colonies but also on the amount of energy consumed to sustain embryonic, larval, and post-larval development. The objective of the present work is to understand the effect of energy consumption on the performance of lecithotrophic larvae. To this aim, we analyzed free fatty acid (FFA) content and composition of the larvae of three Mediterranean octocorals (Corallium rubrum, Eunicella singularis and Paramuricea clavata) as a proxy for energy consumption. Results showed that C. rubrum larvae consume more FFA than P. clavata, whereas the energy consumed by E. singularis larvae is high but highly variable. These results are in accordance with the larval behavior of these three species since C. rubrum larvae are characterized by their high swimming activity frequency, P. clavata larvae are almost inactive, and the swimming activity frequency of E. singularis larvae is high, although variable. The differences in FFA composition of the larvae suggest contrasting energetic strategies that could explain the differences in survival and recruitment rates. In fact, high dispersal and recruitment capacities for E. singularis larvae can be inferred from the FFA composition, whereas the high spatial and temporal variability of recruitment observed in C. rubrum may be related to the non-selective transfer of fatty acid (FA) from maternal colonies. Finally, the high recovery rates after mass mortality events observed in P. clavata could be favored by the presence of a specific FA (22:6(n-3)) related to adaptation mechanisms under environmental stresses during the first developmental stages.

Where Is More Important Than How in Coastal and Marine Ecosystems Restoration

Frontiers in Marine Science

|

Oct, 2021

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 59 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2021.626843

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2021.626843

Simonetta Fraschetti Chris Mcowen Loredana Papa Nadia Papadopoulou Meri Bilan Christoffer Boström Pol Capdevila

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Laura Carugati Emma Cebrián Marta Coll Thanos Dailianis Roberto Danovaro Francesco De Leo Dario Fiorentino Karine Gagnon Cristina Gambi Joaquim Garrabou Vasilis Gerovasileiou Bernat Hereu Silvija Kipson Jonne Kotta Jean‐Baptiste Ledoux Cristina Linares Juliette Martin Alba Medrano Ignasi Montero‐Serra

Telmo Morato Antonio Pusceddu Katerina Sevastou Chris Smith Jana Verdura Giuseppe Guarnieri

Abstract

Restoration is considered an effective strategy to accelerate the recovery of biological communities at local scale. However, the effects of restoration actions in the marine ecosystems are still unpredictable. We performed a global analysis of published literature to identify the factors increasing the probability of restoration success in coastal and marine systems. Our results confirm that the majority of active restoration initiatives are still concentrated in the northern hemisphere and that most of information gathered from restoration efforts derives from a relatively small subset of species. The analysis also indicates that many studies are still experimental in nature, covering small spatial and temporal scales. Despite the limits of assessing restoration effectiveness in absence of a standardized definition of success, the context (degree of human impact, ecosystem type, habitat) of where the restoration activity is undertaken is of greater relevance to a successful outcome than how (method) the restoration is carried out. Contrary to expectations, we found that restoration is not necessarily more successful closer to protected areas (PA) and in areas of moderate human impact. This result can be motivated by the limits in assessing the success of interventions and by the tendency of selecting areas in more obvious need of restoration, where the potential of actively restoring a degraded site is more evident. Restoration sites prioritization considering human uses and conservation status present in the region is of vital importance to obtain the intended outcomes and galvanize further actions.

Active Ecological Restoration of Cold-Water Corals: Techniques, Challenges, Costs and Future Directions

Frontiers in Marine Science

|

Sep, 2021

3 team members are authors

OA Citations 24 Rising DOI 10.3389/fmars.2021.621151

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2021.621151

María Montseny Cristina Linares

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Lea‐Anne Henry David Billett Erik E. Cordes Chris Smith Nadia Papadopoulou Meri Bilan F Girard Heidi L. Burdett Ann I. Larsson Susanna M. Strömberg Núria Viladrich James Barry Patricia Baena

António Godinho Jordi Grinyó Andreu Santín

Telmo Morato Andrew K. Sweetman Josep María Gili Andrea Gori

Abstract

Cold-water coral (CWC) habitats dwell on continental shelves, slopes, seamounts, and ridge systems around the world’s oceans from 50 to 4000 m depth, providing heterogeneous habitats which support a myriad of associated fauna. These highly diverse ecosystems are threatened by human stressors such as fishing activities, gas and oil exploitation, and climate change. Since their life-history traits such as long lifespan and slow growth rates make CWCs very vulnerable to potential threats, it is a foremost challenge to explore the viability of restoration actions to enhance and speed up their recovery. In contrast to terrestrial and shallow-water marine ecosystems, ecological restoration in deep marine environments has received minimal attention. This review, by means of a systematic literature search, aims to identify CWC restoration challenges, assess the most suitable techniques to restore them, and discuss future perspectives. Outcomes from the few restoration actions performed to date on CWCs, which have lasted between 1 to 4 years, provide evidence of the feasibility of coral transplantation and artificial reef deployments. Scientific efforts should focus on testing novel and creative restoration techniques, especially to scale up to the spatial and temporal scales of impacts. There is still a general lack of knowledge about the biological, ecological and habitat characteristics of CWC species exploration of which would aid the development of effective restoration measures. To ensure the long-term viability and success of any restoration action it is essential to include holistic and long-term monitoring programs, and to ideally combine active restoration with natural spontaneous regeneration (i.e., passive restoration) strategies such as the implementation of deep-sea marine protected areas (MPAs). We conclude that a combination of passive and active restoration approaches with involvement of local society would be the best optimal option to achieve and ensure CWC restoration success.

Embryo and larval biology of the deep-sea octocoral Dentomuricea aff. meteor under different temperature regimes

PeerJ

|

Aug, 2021

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 14 DOI 10.7717/peerj.11604

Authors 10.7717/peerj.11604

Maria Rakka

António Godinho Covadonga Orejas

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Abstract

Deep-sea octocorals are common habitat-formers in deep-sea ecosystems, however, our knowledge on their early life history stages is extremely limited. The present study focuses on the early life history of the species Dentomuricea aff. meteor , a common deep-sea octocoral in the Azores. The objective was to describe the embryo and larval biology of the target species under two temperature regimes, corresponding to the minimum and maximum temperatures in its natural environment during the spawning season. At temperature of 13 ±0.5 °C, embryos of the species reached the planula stage after 96h and displayed a median survival of 11 days. Planulae displayed swimming only after stimulation, swimming speed was 0.24 ±0.16 mm s −1 and increased slightly but significantly with time. Under a higher temperature (15 °C ±0.5 °C) embryos reached the planula stage 24 h earlier (after 72 h), displayed a median survival of 16 days and had significantly higher swimming speed (0.3 ±0.27 mm s −1 ). Although the differences in survival were not statistically significant, our results highlight how small changes in temperature can affect embryo and larval characteristics with potential cascading effects in larval dispersal and success. In both temperatures, settlement rates were low and metamorphosis occurred even without settlement. Such information is rarely available for deep-sea corals, although essential to achieve a better understanding of dispersal, connectivity and biogeographical patterns of benthic species.

Reproductive biology of two deep-sea octocorals in the Azores Archipelago

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

|

Jun, 2021

1 team member is author

Citations 8 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103587

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2021.103587

Maria Rakka Íris Sampaio Ana Colaço

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Systematic Conservation Planning at an Ocean Basin Scale: Identifying a Viable Network of Deep-Sea Protected Areas in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean

Frontiers in Marine Science

|

Jun, 2021

4 team members are authors

OA Citations 30 Rising DOI 10.3389/fmars.2021.611358

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2021.611358

Magali Combes Sandrine Vaz Anthony Grehan

Telmo Morato Sophie Arnaud‐Haond

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Alan Fox José Manuel González‐Irusta David E. Johnson Oisín Callery Andrew J. Davies

Laurence Fauconnet Ellen Kenchington Covadonga Orejas J. Murray Roberts

Gerald H. Taranto Lénàïck Menot

Abstract

Designing conservation networks requires a well-structured framework for achieving essential objectives such as connectivity, replication or viability, and for considering local management and socioeconomic stakes. Although systematic conservation planning (SCP) approaches are increasingly used to inform such networks, their application remains challenging in large and poorly researched areas. This is especially the case in the deep sea, where SCP has rarely been applied, although growing awareness of the vulnerability of deep-sea ecosystems urges the implementation of conservation measures from local to international levels. This study aims to structure and evaluate a framework for SCP applicable to the deep sea, focusing on the identification of conservation priority networks for vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs), such as cold-water coral reefs, sponge grounds, or hydrothermal vents, and for key demersal fish species. Based on multi-objective prioritization, different conservation scenarios were investigated, allowing the impact of key elements such as connectivity and conservation cost to be evaluated. Our results show that continental margin slopes, the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, and deeper areas of large and productive shelves housing fishing grounds appeared as crucial zones for preserving the deep-sea biodiversity of the North Atlantic, and within the limitations imposed by the data available, of the Mediterranean. Using biologically-informed connectivity led to a more continuous and denser conservation network, without increasing the network size. Even when minimizing the overlap with socioeconomic activities, the inclusion of exploited areas was necessary to fulfil conservation objectives. Such areas included continental shelf fishing grounds for demersal fish species, and areas covered by deep-sea mining exploration contracts for hydrothermal vent communities. Covering 17% of the study area and protecting 55% of each feature on average, the identified priority network held a high conservation potential. However, these areas still suffer from poor protection, with 30% of them benefiting from some form of recognition and 11% only from protection against trawling. Integrating them into current marine spatial planning (MSP) discussions could foster the implementation of a basin-scale conservation network for the deep sea. Overall, this work established a framework for developing large-scale systematic planning, useful for managing Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ).

Contrasting metabolic strategies of two co-occurring deep-sea octocorals

Scientific Reports

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May, 2021

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 19 DOI 10.1038/s41598-021-90134-5

Authors 10.1038/s41598-021-90134-5

Maria Rakka Sandra R. Maier Dick Van Oevelen

António Godinho Meri Bilan Covadonga Orejas

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Abstract

Abstract The feeding biology of deep-sea octocorals remains poorly understood, as attention is more often directed to reef building corals. The present study focused on two common deep-water octocoral species in the Azores Archipelago, Dentomuricea aff . meteor and Viminella flagellum , aiming at determining their ability to exploit different food sources. We adopted an experimental approach, with three different food sources, including live phytoplankton, live zooplankton and dissolved organic matter (DOM), that were artificially enriched with 13 C and 15 N (C and N tracers). The presence of tracers was subsequently followed in the coral tissue, C respiration and particulate organic C and N (POC and PON) release. In both species, feeding with zooplankton resulted in significantly higher incorporation of tracers in all measured variables, compared to the other food sources, highlighting the importance of zooplankton for major physiological processes. Our results revealed contrasting metabolic strategies between the two species, with D. aff . meteor acquiring higher amounts of prey and allocating higher percentage to respiration and release of POC and PON than V. flagellum . Such metabolic differences can shape species fitness and distributions and have further ecological implications on the ecosystem function of communities formed by different octocoral species.

The Path to an Ecosystem Approach for Forage Fish Management: A Case Study of Atlantic Menhaden

Frontiers in Marine Science

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May, 2021

1 team member is author

OA Citations 44 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2021.607657

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2021.607657

Kristen A. Anstead Katie Drew David Chagaris Amy M. Schueller Jason Mcnamee Andre Buchheister Geneviève M. Nesslage Jim Uphoff Michael J. Wilberg Alexei Sharov Micah J. Dean Jeffrey Brust Michael Celestino Shanna Madsen Sarah Murray Max Appelman Joseph C. Ballenger

Joana Brito Ellen Cosby Caitlin Craig Corrin Flora Kurt F. Gottschall Robert J. Latour Eddie Leonard Ray Mroch Josh Newhard Derek Orner Chris J. Swanson Jeff C. Tinsman Edward D. Houde Thomas J. Miller Howard Townsend

Abstract

Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) support the largest fishery by volume on the United States East Coast, while also playing an important role as a forage species. Managers’ and stakeholders’ increasing concerns about the impact of Atlantic menhaden harvest on ecosystem processes led to an evolution in the assessment and management of this species from a purely single-species approach to an ecosystem approach. The first coastwide stock assessment of Atlantic menhaden for management used a single-species virtual population analysis (VPA). Subsequent assessments used a forward projecting statistical catch-at-age framework that incorporated estimates of predation mortality from a multispecies VPA while analytical efforts continued toward the development of ecosystem models and explicit ecological reference points (ERPs) for Atlantic menhaden. As an interim step while ecosystem models were being developed, a series of ad hoc measures to preserve Atlantic menhaden biomass for predators were used by managers. In August 2020, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission formally adopted an ecological modeling framework as a tool to set reference points and harvest limits for the Atlantic menhaden that considers their role as a forage fish. This is the first example of a quantitative ecosystem approach to setting reference points on the United States Atlantic Coast and it represents a significant advance for forage fish management. This case study reviews the history of Atlantic menhaden stock assessments and management, outlines the progress on the current implementation of ERPs for this species, and highlights future research and management needs to improve and expand ecosystem-based fisheries management.

A cost‐effective video system for a rapid appraisal of deep‐sea benthic habitats: The Azor drift‐cam

Methods in Ecology and Evolution

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Apr, 2021

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 37 DOI 10.1111/2041-210x.13617

Authors 10.1111/2041-210x.13617

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Jorge Fontes

Telmo Morato

Abstract

Abstract Deep‐sea exploration relies on cutting‐edge technology, which generally requires expensive instruments, highly specialized technicians and ship time. The increasing need to gather large‐scale data on the distribution and conservation status of deep‐sea benthic species and habitats could benefit from the availability of low‐cost imaging tools to facilitate the access to the deep sea world‐wide. Here we describe the Azor drift‐cam, a cost‐effective video platform designed to conduct rapid appraisals of deep‐sea benthic habitats. Built with off‐the‐shelf components, the Azor drift‐cam should be regarded as an effective, affordable, simple‐to‐assemble, easy‐to‐operate, resilient, operational and reliable tool to visually explore the deep sea to 1,000 m depth. Its performance was assessed during the MapGES_2019 cruise, where 135 successful dives between 100 and 800 m depth were carried out in 22 working days, providing over 100 hr of images for almost 80 km of seabed, mostly in areas that had never been explored before. The system does not aim to become a substitute for more sophisticated underwater video and photography platforms, such as ROVs, AUVs or manned submersibles. Rather, it aims to provide the means to perform quick assessments of deep‐sea benthic habitats in a simple and affordable manner. This drift‐cam system has the potential to make deep‐sea exploration more accessible, playing an important role in the Deep‐Ocean Observing Strategy and measuring some of the Essential Ocean Variables for deep‐sea monitoring and conservation strategies.

North Atlantic Basin-Scale Multi-Criteria Assessment Database to Inform Effective Management and Protection of Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Mar, 2021

7 team members are authors

OA Citations 12 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2021.637078

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2021.637078

Telmo Morato Christopher K. Pham

Laurence Fauconnet

Gerald H. Taranto Giovanni Chimienti Erik E. Cordes

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió P. Durán-Muñoz Hrönn Egilsdóttir José Manuel González‐Irusta Anthony Grehan Dierk Hebbeln Lea‐Anne Henry Georgios Kazanidis Ellen Kenchington Lénàïck Menot Tina N. Molodtsova Covadonga Orejas Berta Ramiro‐Sánchez

Manuela Ramos J. Murray Roberts

Luís Rodrigues Steve W. Ross José Luis Rueda M.m. Sacau-Cuadrado David Stirling

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Abstract

The identification of areas that fit the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) criteria to define what constitutes a Vulnerable Marine Ecosystem (VME) has been the main policy driver for the protection of deep-sea environments in Areas Beyond National Jurisdictions (United Nations General Assembly, 2006; FAO, 2009) in relation to bottom fisheries. At the same time, the Convention on Biological Diversity advocates for the implementation of representative networks of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the open ocean and the deep sea, and calls for the identification of Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Areas (EBSAs; Convention on Biological Diversity, 2008, Decision IX/20). Although VMEs and EBSAs are conceptually different, Ardron et al. (2014) argue that the designation of VMEs, EBSAs, and large open-ocean MPAs should be aligned to ensure that VMEs are incorporated within area-based management tools. \n \nThe International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) adopted a Multi-Criteria Assessment (MCA) methodology for informing the identification of VMEs in the North-East Atlantic (ICES, 2016a,b; Morato et al., 2018). The MCA is a taxa-dependent spatial method that incorporates the fact that not all VME indicators are equally vulnerable to human impacts, and thus should not be weighted equally. By including a measure of the confidence associated with each VME record, this methodology also considers some of the uncertainties associated with the sampling methodologies, the reported taxonomy, and data quality issues. Equally important, it highlights areas in the North Atlantic that have been poorly sampled and that require further attention. Finally, this methodology also allows for the evaluation and comparison of VME index with spatial fisheries data that may directly generate significant adverse impacts on VMEs. Although the VME Index has been used since 2018 in ICES advice, several caveats and limitations have been identified (ICES, 2018, 2019, 2020). The main criticism refers to the fact that the VME index signals the presence of VME indicator taxa that are considered to be the most important rather than showing the likelihood of an area containing a spatially explicit VME. Also, concerns over the abundance scores adopted have been raised and it has been suggested that abundance thresholds should be defined for each VME indicator. It is, therefore, recognized that improvements of the VME index and the way actual VMEs are identified are still necessary. \n \nThe identification of representative areas that can form a network of MPAs in the deep sea requires ocean basin-scale approaches grounded on ocean basin-scale datasets. In this regard, the H2020 ATLAS project (GA 678760) performed a unique trans-Atlantic assessment of deep-water ecosystems to inform Atlantic Ocean basin-scale governance. The ATLAS project compiled the best available data on VME indicator taxa for the North Atlantic (Ramiro-Sánchez et al., 2020) in order to assist with the identification of locations that may constitute VMEs and EBSAs, as a precursor to the development of a North Atlantic wide network of MPAs. Here, we applied the ICES MCA method to the ATLAS VME indicator taxa database to produce and make publicly available a new “North Atlantic Ocean basin-scale VME index dataset,” facilitating further consultation and use by scientists, managers, or other relevant stakeholders.

Environmental Protection Requires Accurate Application of Scientific Evidence

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

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Nov, 2020

1 team member is author

OA Citations 5 DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.021

Authors 10.1016/j.tree.2020.10.021

Craig R. Smith Verena Tunnicliffe Ana Colaço Jeffrey C. Drazen Sabine Gollner Lisa A. Levin Nélia C. Mestre Anna Meta×As Tina N. Molodtsova

Telmo Morato Andrew K. Sweetman Travis Washburn Diva J. Amon

Seafloor litter sorting in different domains of Cap de Creus continental shelf and submarine canyon (NW Mediterranean Sea)

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Nov, 2020

1 team member is author

Citations 35 Rising DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111744

Authors 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111744

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Anna Sànchez‐Vidal Claude Estournel Guillem Corbera Joan Lluís Riera Covadonga Orejas Miquel Canals Josep María Gili

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruise to the Northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Azores Archipelago

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Nov, 2020

1 team member is author

OA Citations 13 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2020.568035

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2020.568035

Luı́s Somoza Teresa Medialdea Javier González António Calado Andreia Afonso Mónica Albuquerque María Asensio‐Ramos Renato Bettencourt Iker Blasco Jose A. Candón

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Constantino Cid Cristina De Ignacio Enrique López-Pamo Sara Machancoses Bruno Ramos L. P. Ribeiro Blanca Rincón-Tomás Esther Santofimia Miguel Souto Inês Tojeira Cláudia Viegas Pedro Madureira

Abstract

This work presents the preliminary result of the multidisciplinary cruise EXPLOSEA2\nsurveying the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge and Azores Archipelago from 46 300 N to 38 \n300 N aboard the R/V Sarmiento de Gamboa and ROV Luso over 54 days (June 11 to\nJuly 27, 2019). In this cruise report, we detail the geophysical, hydrographic, geological,\noceanographic, ecological, and microbiological data acquired and a brief of main\nfindings. The cruise addressed the exploration and comprehensive characterization\nof venting sites, including the water column, the sediments and rocks that host the\nhydrothermal activity, and the associated mineralizations, biology, and microbiology.\nDeep hydrothermal chimneys and massive sulfide deposits (up 3,000 m in depth) within\nthe Moytirra hydrothermal active field were identified on slopes that had not been\nexplored previously. Another striking finding made during the EXPLOSEA2 cruise was\nthe field of carbonate chimneys named the “Magallanes-Elcano” field, a potentially relict\nultramafic-hosted hydrothermal site sourced by abiotic methane. This field is related to a\nserpentinite and gabbro rock outcropping on a dome-shaped massif named the “Iberian\nMassif.” An outstanding finding of the EXPLOSEA2 survey was the identification of the\nfirst garden of soft corals growing after active submarine eruptions were reported in the\nAzores Archipelago composed by a high density of soft corals the suborder Alcyoniina\nat the summit and flanks of a recent volcanic cone at 160 m water depth developed\nduring the 1957–1958 eruption of Capelinhos. Several cold-water coral habitats formed\nby colonial scleractinians (e.g., Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata), coral gardens\ncomposed of mixed assemblages of black corals (Leiopathes sp.), and octocorals and\ndense aggregations of the glass sponge Pheronema carpenteri that may be classified as vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) have been discovered during the EXPLOSEA2\ncruise along the northern Mid-Atlantic Ridge. This work reveals the importance of\nmultidisciplinary surveys to the knowledge of deep-sea environments.

Ecological Reference Points for Atlantic Menhaden Established Using an Ecosystem Model of Intermediate Complexity

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Nov, 2020

1 team member is author

OA Citations 59 Rising DOI 10.3389/fmars.2020.606417

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2020.606417

David Chagaris Katie Drew Amy M. Schueller Matt Cieri

Joana Brito Andre Buchheister

Abstract

Atlantic menhaden ( Brevoortia tyrannus ) are an important forage fish for many predators, and they also support the largest commercial fishery by weight on the U.S. East Coast. Menhaden management has been working toward ecological reference points (ERPs) that account for menhaden’s role in the ecosystem. The goal of this work was to develop menhaden ERPs using ecosystem models. An existing Ecopath with Ecosim model of the Northwest Atlantic Continental Shelf (NWACS) was reduced in complexity from 61 to 17 species/functional groups. The new NWACS model of intermediate complexity for ecosystems (NWACS-MICE) serves to link the dynamics of menhaden with key managed predators. Striped bass ( Morone saxatilis ) were determined to be most sensitive to menhaden harvest and therefore served as an indicator of ecosystem impacts. ERPs were based on the tradeoff relationship between the equilibrium biomass of striped bass and menhaden fishing mortality ( F ). The ERPs were defined as the menhaden F rates that maintain striped bass at their biomass target and threshold when striped bass are fished at their F target , and all other modeled species were fished at status quo levels. These correspond to an ERP F target of 0.19 and an ERP F threshold of 0.57, which are lower than the single species reference points by 30–40%, but higher than current (2017) menhaden F . The ERPs were then fed back into the age-structured stock assessment model projections to provide information on total allowable catch. The ERPs developed in this study were adopted by the Atlantic menhaden Management Board, marking a shift toward ecosystem-based fishery management for this economically and ecologically important species.

Editorial: The Azores Marine Ecosystem: An Open Window Into North Atlantic Open Ocean and Deep-Sea Environments

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Oct, 2020

1 team member is author

OA Citations 6 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2020.601798

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2020.601798

Telmo Morato Pedro Afonso Gui M. Menezes Ricardo S. Santos Mónica A. Silva

Abstract

EDITORIAL article Front. Mar. Sci., 30 October 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.601798

Assessing the environmental status of selected North Atlantic deep-sea ecosystems

Ecological Indicators

|

Sep, 2020

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 36 DOI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106624

Authors 10.1016/j.ecolind.2020.106624

Georgios Kazanidis Covadonga Orejas Ángel Borja Ellen Kenchington Lea‐Anne Henry Oisín Callery

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Hrönn Egilsdóttir Eva Giacomello Anthony Grehan Lénàïck Menot

Telmo Morato Stefán Á. Ragnarsson José Luis Rueda David Stirling Tanja Stratmann Dick Van Oevelen Andreas Palialexis David E. Johnson J. Murray Roberts

Abstract

The deep sea is the largest biome on Earth but the least explored. Our knowledge of it comes from scattered sources spanning different spatial and temporal scales. Implementation of marine policies like the European Union’s Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and support for Blue Growth in the deep sea are therefore hindered by lack of data. Integrated assessments of environmental status require tools to work with different and disaggregated datasets (e.g. density of deep-sea habitat-forming species, body-size distribution of commercial fishes, intensity of bottom trawling) across spatial and temporal scales. A feasibility study was conducted as part of the four-year ATLAS project to assess the effectiveness of the open-access Nested Environmental status Assessment Tool (NEAT) to assess deep-sea environmental status. We worked at nine selected study areas in the North Atlantic focusing on five MSFD descriptors (D1-Biodiversity, D3-Commercial fish and shellfish, D4-Food webs, D6-Seafloor integrity, D10-Marine litter). The objectives of the present study were to i) explore and propose indicators that could be used in the assessment of deep-sea environmental status, ii) evaluate the performance of NEAT in the deep sea, and iii) identify challenges and opportunities for the assessment of deep-sea status. Based on data availability, data quality and expert judgement, in total 24 indicators (one for D1, one for D3, seven for D4, 13 for D6, two for D10) were used in the assessment of the nine study areas, their habitats and ecosystem components. NEAT analyses revealed differences among the study areas for their environmental status ranging from “poor” to “high”. Overall, the NEAT results were in moderate to complete agreement with expert judgement, previous assessments, scientific literature on human-pressure gradients and expected management outcomes. We suggest that the assessment of deep-sea environmental status should take place at habitat and ecosystem level (rather than at species level) and at relatively large spatial scales, in comparison to shallow-water areas. Limited knowledge across space (e.g. distribution of habitat-forming species) and the scarcity of long-term data sets limit our knowledge about natural variability and human impacts in the deep sea preventing a more systematic assessment of habitat and ecosystem components in the deep sea. However, stronger cross-sectoral collaborations, the use of novel technologies and open data-sharing platforms will be critical for establishing environmental baseline indicator values in the deep sea that will contribute to the science base supporting the implementation of marine policies and stimulating Blue Growth.

Ervilia castanea (Mollusca, Bivalvia) populations adversely affected at CO2 seeps in the North Atlantic

The Science of The Total Environment

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Aug, 2020

1 team member is author

OA Citations 11 DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142044

Authors 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142044

Marta Martins

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Gustavo M. Martins Joana Barcelos E Ramos Fátima Viveiros Ruben P. Couto Hugo Parra João Gama Monteiro Francesca Gallo Catarina Silva Maria Alexandra Teodósio Katja Guilini Jason M. Hall‐Spencer Francisco Leitão Luis Chı́charo Pedro Range

Feeding biology of a habitat-forming antipatharian in the Azores Archipelago

Coral Reefs

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Aug, 2020

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 14 DOI 10.1007/s00338-020-01980-0

Authors 10.1007/s00338-020-01980-0

Maria Rakka Covadonga Orejas Sandra R. Maier Dick Van Oevelen

António Godinho Meri Bilan

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Deep-Sea Misconceptions Cause Underestimation of Seabed-Mining Impacts

Trends in Ecology & Evolution

|

Jul, 2020

1 team member is author

OA Citations 115 DOI 10.1016/j.tree.2020.07.002

Authors 10.1016/j.tree.2020.07.002

Craig R. Smith Verena Tunnicliffe Ana Colaço Jeffrey C. Drazen Sabine Gollner Lisa A. Levin Nélia C. Mestre Anna Meta×As Tina N. Molodtsova

Telmo Morato Andrew K. Sweetman Travis Washburn Diva J. Amon

Abstract

Scientific misconceptions are likely leading to miscalculations of the environmental impacts of deep-seabed mining. These result from underestimating mining footprints relative to habitats targeted and poor understanding of the sensitivity, biodiversity, and dynamics of deep-sea ecosystems. Addressing these misconceptions and knowledge gaps is needed for effective management of deep-seabed mining.

Climate change considerations are fundamental to management of deep‐sea resource extraction

Global Change Biology

|

Jun, 2020

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 122 DOI 10.1111/gcb.15223

Authors 10.1111/gcb.15223

Lisa A. Levin Chih‐Lin Wei Daniel C. Dunn Diva J. Amon Oliver S. Ashford William W. L. Cheung Ana Colaço

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Elva Escobar‐Briones Harriet Harden‐Davies Jeffrey C. Drazen Khaira Ismail Daniel O. B. Jones David E. Johnson Jennifer Le Franck Lejzerowicz Satoshi Mitarai

Telmo Morato Sandor Mulsow Paul V. R. Snelgrove Andrew K. Sweetman Moriaki Yasuhara

Abstract

Abstract Climate change manifestation in the ocean, through warming, oxygen loss, increasing acidification, and changing particulate organic carbon flux (one metric of altered food supply), is projected to affect most deep‐ocean ecosystems concomitantly with increasing direct human disturbance. Climate drivers will alter deep‐sea biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, and may interact with disturbance from resource extraction activities or even climate geoengineering. We suggest that to ensure the effective management of increasing use of the deep ocean (e.g., for bottom fishing, oil and gas extraction, and deep‐seabed mining), environmental management and developing regulations must consider climate change. Strategic planning, impact assessment and monitoring, spatial management, application of the precautionary approach, and full‐cost accounting of extraction activities should embrace climate consciousness. Coupled climate and biological modeling approaches applied in the water and on the seafloor can help accomplish this goal. For example, Earth‐System Model projections of climate‐change parameters at the seafloor reveal heterogeneity in projected climate hazard and time of emergence (beyond natural variability) in regions targeted for deep‐seabed mining. Models that combine climate‐induced changes in ocean circulation with particle tracking predict altered transport of early life stages (larvae) under climate change. Habitat suitability models can help assess the consequences of altered larval dispersal, predict climate refugia, and identify vulnerable regions for multiple species under climate change. Engaging the deep observing community can support the necessary data provisioning to mainstream climate into the development of environmental management plans. To illustrate this approach, we focus on deep‐seabed mining and the International Seabed Authority, whose mandates include regulation of all mineral‐related activities in international waters and protecting the marine environment from the harmful effects of mining. However, achieving deep‐ocean sustainability under the UN Sustainable Development Goals will require integration of climate consideration across all policy sectors.

Habitat Features and Their Influence on the Restoration Potential of Marine Habitats in Europe

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Apr, 2020

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 43 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2020.00184

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2020.00184

Trine Bekkby Nadia Papadopoulou Dario Fiorentino Chris Mcowen Eli Rinde Christoffer Boström

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Cristina Linares Guri Sogn Andersen Elizabeth Grace Tunka Bengil Meri Bilan Emma Cebrián Carlo Cerrano Roberto Danovaro Camilla W. Fagerli Simonetta Fraschetti Karine Gagnon Cristina Gambi Hege Gundersen Silvija Kipson Jonne Kotta

Telmo Morato Henn Ojaveer Eva Ramírez-Llodra Chris Smith

Abstract

To understand the restoration potential of degraded habitats, it is important to know the key processes and habitat features that allow for recovery after disturbance. As part of the EU (Horizon 2020) funded MERCES project, a group of European experts compiled and assessed current knowledge, from both past and ongoing restoration efforts, within the Mediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the North-East Atlantic Ocean. The aim was to provide an expert judgment of how different habitat features could impact restoration success and enhance the recovery of marine habitats. A set of biological and ecological features (i.e., life-history traits, population connectivity, spatial distribution, structural complexity, and the potential for regime shifts) were identified and scored according to their contribution to the successful accomplishment of habitat restoration for five habitats: seagrass meadows, kelp forests, Cystoseira macroalgal beds, coralligenous assemblages and cold-water coral habitats. The expert group concluded that most of the kelp forests features facilitate successful restoration, while the features for the coralligenous assemblages and the cold-water coral habitat did not promote successful restoration. For the other habitats the conclusions were much more variable. The lack of knowledge on the relationship between acting pressures and resulting changes in the ecological state of habitats is a major challenge for implementing restoration actions. This paper provides an overview of essential features that can affect restoration success in marine habitats of key importance for valuable ecosystem services

Influence of Water Masses on the Biodiversity and Biogeography of Deep-Sea Benthic Ecosystems in the North Atlantic

Frontiers in Marine Science

|

Apr, 2020

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 80 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2020.00239

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2020.00239

Patricia Puerta Clare Johnson

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Lea‐Anne Henry Ellen Kenchington

Telmo Morato Georgios Kazanidis José Luis Rueda Javier Urra Steve Ross Chih‐Lin Wei José Manuel González‐Irusta Sophie Arnaud‐Haond Covadonga Orejas

Abstract

Circulation patterns in the North Atlantic Ocean have changed and re-organized multiple times over millions of years, influencing the biodiversity, distribution, and connectivity patterns of deep-sea species and ecosystems. In this study, we review the effects of the water mass properties (temperature, salinity, food supply, carbonate chemistry, and oxygen) on deep-sea benthic megafauna (from species to community level) and discussed in future scenarios of climate change. We focus on the key oceanic controls on deep-sea megafauna biodiversity and biogeography patterns. We place particular attention on cold-water corals and sponges, as these are ecosystem-engineering organisms that constitute vulnerable marine ecosystems (VME) with high associated biodiversity. Besides documenting the current state of the knowledge on this topic, a future scenario for water mass properties in the deep North Atlantic basin was predicted. The pace and severity of climate change in the deep-sea will vary across regions. However, predicted water mass properties showed that all regions in the North Atlantic will be exposed to multiple stressors by 2100, experiencing at least one critical change in water temperature (C2C), organic carbon fluxes (reduced up to 50%), ocean acidification (pH reduced up to 0.3), aragonite saturation horizon (shoaling above 1000 m) and/or reduction in dissolved oxygen (>5%). The northernmost regions of the North Atlantic will suffer the greatest impacts. Warmer and more acidic oceans will drastically reduce the suitable habitat for ecosystem-engineers, with severe consequences such as declines in population densities, even compromising their long-term survival, loss of biodiversity and reduced biogeographic distribution that might compromise connectivity at large scales. These effects can be aggravated by reductions in carbon fluxes, particularly in areas where food availability is already limited. Declines in benthic biomass and biodiversity will diminish ecosystem services such as habitat provision, nutrient cycling, etc. This study shows that the deep-sea VME affected by contemporary anthropogenic impacts and with the ongoing climate change impacts are unlikely to withstand additional pressures from more intrusive human activities. This study serves also as a warning to protect these ecosystems through regulations and by tempering the ongoing socio-political drivers for increasing exploitation of marine resources.

Climate‐induced changes in the suitable habitat of cold‐water corals and commercially important deep‐sea fishes in the North Atlantic

Global Change Biology

|

Feb, 2020

4 team members are authors

OA Citations 207 DOI 10.1111/gcb.14996

Authors 10.1111/gcb.14996

Telmo Morato José Manuel González‐Irusta

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Chih‐Lin Wei Andrew J. Davies Andrew K. Sweetman

Gerald H. Taranto Lindsay Beazley Ana García‐Alegre Anthony Grehan Pascal Laffargue Francisco Javier Murillo M.m. Sacau-Cuadrado Sandrine Vaz Ellen Kenchington Sophie Arnaud‐Haond Oisín Callery Giovanni Chimienti Erik E. Cordes Hrönn Egilsdóttir André Freiwald Ryan Gasbarro Cristina Gutiérrez‐Zárate Matthew Gianni Kent Gilkinson Vonda E. Wareham Hayes Dierk Hebbeln Kevin J. Hedges Lea‐Anne Henry David E. Johnson Mariano Koen‐Alonso Cam Lirette Francesco Mastrototaro Lénàïck Menot Tina N. Molodtsova P. Durán-Muñoz Covadonga Orejas María Grazia Pennino Patricia Puerta Stefán Á. Ragnarsson Berta Ramiro‐Sánchez Jake Rice J. Rivera J. Murray Roberts Steve W. Ross José L. Rueda Íris Sampaio Paul V. R. Snelgrove David Stirling Margaret A. Treble Javier Urra Johanne Vad Dick Van Oevelen Les Watling Wojciech Walkusz Claudia Wienberg Mathieu Woillez Lisa A. Levin

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Abstract

Abstract The deep sea plays a critical role in global climate regulation through uptake and storage of heat and carbon dioxide. However, this regulating service causes warming, acidification and deoxygenation of deep waters, leading to decreased food availability at the seafloor. These changes and their projections are likely to affect productivity, biodiversity and distributions of deep‐sea fauna, thereby compromising key ecosystem services. Understanding how climate change can lead to shifts in deep‐sea species distributions is critically important in developing management measures. We used environmental niche modelling along with the best available species occurrence data and environmental parameters to model habitat suitability for key cold‐water coral and commercially important deep‐sea fish species under present‐day (1951–2000) environmental conditions and to project changes under severe, high emissions future (2081–2100) climate projections (RCP8.5 scenario) for the North Atlantic Ocean. Our models projected a decrease of 28%–100% in suitable habitat for cold‐water corals and a shift in suitable habitat for deep‐sea fishes of 2.0°–9.9° towards higher latitudes. The largest reductions in suitable habitat were projected for the scleractinian coral Lophelia pertusa and the octocoral Paragorgia arborea , with declines of at least 79% and 99% respectively. We projected the expansion of suitable habitat by 2100 only for the fishes Helicolenus dactylopterus and Sebastes mentella (20%–30%), mostly through northern latitudinal range expansion. Our results projected limited climate refugia locations in the North Atlantic by 2100 for scleractinian corals (30%–42% of present‐day suitable habitat), even smaller refugia locations for the octocorals Acanella arbuscula and Acanthogorgia armata (6%–14%), and almost no refugia for P. arborea . Our results emphasize the need to understand how anticipated climate change will affect the distribution of deep‐sea species including commercially important fishes and foundation species, and highlight the importance of identifying and preserving climate refugia for a range of area‐based planning and management tools.

Assessment and distribution of seafloor litter on the deep Ligurian continental shelf and shelf break (NW Mediterranean Sea)

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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Jan, 2020

1 team member is author

Citations 45 DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110872

Authors 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110872

Francesco Enrichetti

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Margherita Toma Giorgio Bavestrello Simonepietro Canese Marzia Bo

The Azores: A Mid-Atlantic Hotspot for Marine Megafauna Research and Conservation

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Jan, 2020

1 team member is author

OA Citations 34 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00826

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2019.00826

Pedro Afonso Jorge Fontes Eva Giacomello Maria Magalhães Helen R. Martins

Telmo Morato Verónica C. Neves Rui Prieto Ricardo S. Santos Mónica A. Silva Frédèric Vandeperre

Abstract

The increasing public perception that marine megafauna is under threat is an outstanding incentive to investigate their essential habitats (EMH), their responses to human and climate change pressures, and to better understand their largely unexplained behaviors and physiology. Yet, this poses serious challenges such as the elusiveness and remoteness of marine megafauna, the growing scrutiny and legal impositions on their study, and difficulties in disentangling environmental drivers from human disturbance. We argue that advancing our knowledge and conservation on marine megafauna can and should be capitalized in regions where exceptional access to multiple species (i.e., megafauna ‘hotspots’) combines with the adequate legal framework, sustainable practices, and research capacity. The wider Azores region, hosting EMHs of all key groups of vulnerable or endangered vertebrate marine megafauna, is a singular EMH hotspot on a migratory crossroads, linking eastern and western Atlantic margins and productive boreal waters to tropical seas. It benefits from a sustainable development model based on artisanal fisheries with zero or minor megafauna bycatch, and one of the largest marine protected area networks in the Atlantic covering coastal, oceanic and deepsea habitats. Developing this model can largely ensure the future integrity of this EMH hotspot while fostering cuttingedge science and technological development on megafauna behavior, biologging and increased ocean observation, with potential major impacts on the Blue Growth agenda. An action plan is proposed.

Ocean Circulation Over North Atlantic Underwater Features in the Path of the Mediterranean Outflow Water: The Ormonde and Formigas Seamounts, and the Gazul Mud Volcano

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Dec, 2019

3 team members are authors

OA Citations 12 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00702

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2019.00702

Ángela Mosquera Giménez P. Vélez‐Belchí J. Rivera Safo Piñeiro Noelia M. Fajar Verónica Caínzos Rosa Balbín J. A. Aparicio

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Jordi Blasco-Ferre

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Telmo Morato Patricia Puerta Covadonga Orejas

Abstract

Seamounts constitute an obstacle to the ocean circulation, modifying it. As a result, a variety of hydrodynamical processes and phenomena may take place over seamounts, among others, flow intensification, current deflection, upwelling, Taylor caps, and internal waves. These oceanographic effects may turn seamounts into very productive ecosystems with high species diversity, and in some cases, are densely populated by benthic organisms, such corals, gorgonians, and sponges. In this study, we describe the oceanographic conditions over seamounts and other underwater features in the path of the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), where populations of benthic suspensions feeders have been observed. Using CTD, LADPC and biochemical measurements carried out in the Ormonde and Formigas seamounts and the Gazul mud volcano (Northeast Atlantic), we show that Taylor caps were not observed in any of the sampled features. However, we point out that the relatively high values of the Brunt–Väisälä frequency in the MOW halocline, in conjunction with the slope of the seamount flanks, set up conditions for the breakout of internal waves and amplification of the currents. This may enhance the vertical mixing, resuspending the organic material deposited on the seafloor and, therefore, increasing the food availability for the communities dominated by benthic suspension feeders. Thus, we hypothesize that internal waves could be improving the conditions for benthic suspension feeders to grow on the slope of seamounts.

A framework for the development of a global standardised marine taxon reference image database (SMarTaR-ID) to support image-based analyses

PLoS ONE

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Dec, 2019

4 team members are authors

OA Citations 63 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0218904

Authors 10.1371/journal.pone.0218904

Kerry L. Howell Jaime S. Davies A. Louise Allcock Andreia Braga‐Henriques Pål Buhl‐Mortensen

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Jennifer M. Durden Nicola L. Foster Chloe A. Game Becky Hitchin Tammy Horton Brett Hosking Daniel O. B. Jones Christopher L. Mah Claire Laguionie Marchais Lénàïck Menot

Telmo Morato Tabitha R. R. Pearman Nils Piechaud Rebecca E. Ross Henry A. Ruhl Hanieh Saeedi Paris V. Stefanoudis

Gerald H. Taranto Michael B. Thompson James Taylor Paul A. Tyler Johanne Vad Lissette Victorero Rui P. Vieira Lucy C. Woodall Joana R. Xavier Daniel Wagner

Abstract

Video and image data are regularly used in the field of benthic ecology to document biodiversity. However, their use is subject to a number of challenges, principally the identification of taxa within the images without associated physical specimens. The challenge of applying traditional taxonomic keys to the identification of fauna from images has led to the development of personal, group, or institution level reference image catalogues of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) or morphospecies. Lack of standardisation among these reference catalogues has led to problems with observer bias and the inability to combine datasets across studies. In addition, lack of a common reference standard is stifling efforts in the application of artificial intelligence to taxon identification. Using the North Atlantic deep sea as a case study, we propose a database structure to facilitate standardisation of morphospecies image catalogues between research groups and support future use in multiple front-end applications. We also propose a framework for coordination of international efforts to develop reference guides for the identification of marine species from images. The proposed structure maps to the Darwin Core standard to allow integration with existing databases. We suggest a management framework where high-level taxonomic groups are curated by a regional team, consisting of both end users and taxonomic experts. We identify a mechanism by which overall quality of data within a common reference guide could be raised over the next decade. Finally, we discuss the role of a common reference standard in advancing marine ecology and supporting sustainable use of this ecosystem.

Megabenthic communities of the Ligurian deep continental shelf and shelf break (NW Mediterranean Sea)

PLoS ONE

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Oct, 2019

1 team member is author

OA Citations 54 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0223949

Authors 10.1371/journal.pone.0223949

Francesco Enrichetti

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Margherita Toma Giorgio Bavestrello Federico Betti Simonepietro Canese Marzia Bo

Abstract

The Ligurian Sea is one of the most studied Mediterranean basins. Since the beginning of the last century, many research expeditions have characterized its benthic and pelagic fauna through scuba diving and trawl surveys. However, a large knowledge gap exists about the composition of benthic communities extending into the so-called mesophotic or twilight depth range, currently under intense pressure from commercial and recreational fishing. A series of visual surveys, carried out by means of remotely operated vehicles between 2012 and 2018, were conducted along the Ligurian deep continental shelf and shelf break, between 30 and 210 m depth, in order to characterize the main benthic biocoenoses dwelling at this depth range and to determine the most relevant environmental factors that explain their spatial distribution. Deep circalittoral communities of the Ligurian Sea were represented by a mixture of species belonging to the deepest extension of shallow-water habitats and deep circalittoral ones. Twelve major biocoenoses were identified, each one characterized by specific preferences in depth range, substrate type and seabed slope. Those biocoenoses included gorgonian and hydrozoan forests, dense keratose sponge grounds, Dendrophyllia cornigera gardens, bryozoan beds and soft-bottom meadows of sabellid polychaetes and soft-corals. Other less common aggregations included six forests of black corals and two populations of Paramuricea macrospina. A georeferenced database has been created in order to provide information to managers and stakeholders about the location of the identified communities and high-diversity areas, aiming to facilitate sustainable long-term conservation of the Ligurian benthic ecosystem.

Building a New Ocean Literacy Approach Based on a Simulated Dive in a Submarine: A Multisensory Workshop to Bring the Deep Sea Closer to People

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Sep, 2019

1 team member is author

OA Citations 16 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00576

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2019.00576

Janire Salazar

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Josep María Gili Stefano Ambroso Jordi Grinyó Begoña Vendrell‐Simón

Abstract

8 pages, 4 figures, supplementary material https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2019.00576/full#supplementary-material

Small-scale fishers’ perception of the implementation of the EU Landing Obligation regulation in the outermost region of the Azores

Journal of Environmental Management

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Aug, 2019

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 17 DOI 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109335

Authors 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109335

Laurence Fauconnet Katia Frangoudès

Telmo Morato Pedro Afonso Cristina Pita

The deep sea: The new frontier for ecological restoration

Marine Policy

|

Aug, 2019

2 team members are authors

Citations 81 DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103642

Authors 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103642

Zaira Da Ros Antonio Dell’anno

Telmo Morato Andrew K. Sweetman

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Chris Smith Nadia Papadopoulou Cinzia Corinaldesi Silvia Bianchelli Cristina Gambi R. Cimino Paul V. R. Snelgrove Cindy Lee Van Dover Roberto Danovaro

Natural history collections as a basis for sound biodiversity assessments: Plexauridae (Octocorallia, Holaxonia) of the Naturalis CANCAP and Tyro Mauritania II expeditions

ZooKeys

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Aug, 2019

1 team member is author

OA Citations 11 DOI 10.3897/zookeys.870.35285

Authors 10.3897/zookeys.870.35285

Íris Sampaio

Marina Carreiro‐Silva André Freiwald Gui M. Menezes Manfred Grasshoff

Abstract

Mapping biodiversity is the marathon of the 21 st Century as an answer to the present extinction crisis. A century in which science is also characterised by large scientific datasets collected through new technologies aiming to fill gaps in our knowledge of species distributions. However, most species records rely on observations that are not linked to specimens, which does not allow verification of species hypotheses by other scientists. Natural history museums form a verifiable source of biodiversity records which were made by taxonomists. Nonetheless, these museums seem to be forgotten by biologists in scientific fields other than taxonomy or systematics. Naturalis Biodiversity Center (NBC) in Leiden is care keeper of large collections of marine organisms, which were sampled in the Northeast Atlantic during the CANCAP and Tyro Mauritania II expeditions (1976–1988). Many octocorals were sampled and deposited in the NBC collection, where they became available for study and were partially identified by the senior author (M.G.) in the 1980s. Nonetheless, no checklist or taxonomic revision was published so far with the complete results. In 2016 the first author visited NBC to examine NE Atlantic Plexauridae octocorals. Plexauridae octocoral-vouchered records were listed and mapped to reveal high standard primary biodiversity records unreported so far for the NE Atlantic Ocean. Twenty-four Plexauridae species with ~ six putative new species to science were discovered and eleven new biogeographical records were made from distinct Macaronesian archipelagos. Finally, new depth range records were found for three species at sea basin level and for eight species at a regional scale.

Global Observational Needs and Resources for Marine Biodiversity

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Jul, 2019

1 team member is author

OA Citations 143 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00367

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2019.00367

Gabrielle Canonico Pier Luigi Buttigieg Enrique Montes Frank Müller‐Karger Carol A. Stepien Dawn J. Wright Abigail Benson Brian Helmuth Mark J. Costello Isabel Sousa‐Pinto Hanieh Saeedi Jan Newton Ward Appeltans Nina Bednaršek Levente Bodrossy Benjamin D. Best Angelika Brandt Kelly D. Goodwin Katrin Iken António Carlos Marques Patricia Miloslavich Martin Ostrowski Woody Turner Eric P. Achterberg Tom Barry Omar Defeo Gregório Bigatti Lea‐Anne Henry Berta Ramiro‐Sánchez P. Durán-Muñoz

Telmo Morato J. Murray Roberts Ana García‐Alegre M.m. Sacau-Cuadrado Bramley J. Murton

Abstract

Living resources in the sea are essential to the economic, nutritional, recreational, and health needs of billions of people. Variation in the biodiversity that characterizes marine systems, and which underlies numerous ecosystem services provided to humans, is being rapidly altered by changing environmental factors and human activity. Understanding the underlying causes of these patterns, and forecasting where future changes are likely to occur, requires monitoring of patterns of organism abundance, diversity, distribution and health; productivity and ecosystem function; and allelic diversity and genetic expression. To achieve this goal it is necessary that these observations are accompanied by metrics of environmental and socio-economic drivers. However, existing global ocean observing activities often do not explicitly consider observations of marine biodiversity and associated processes. Implementing operational programs to observe life in the sea is increasingly critical to understanding responses of species and ecosystems to stressors, and overall impacts on critical natural capital, ecosystem services, and human welfare. Here we describe efforts in the global community to advance broad partnerships, shared approaches and best practices toward a standardized yet flexible, integrated observing system that serves information needs of resource managers and decision-makers, scientists and educators, from local to global scales.

Habitat mapping in the European Seas - is it fit for purpose in the marine restoration agenda?

Marine Policy

|

May, 2019

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 38 DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103521

Authors 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103521

Vasilis Gerovasileiou Chris Smith Katerina Sevastou Nadia Papadopoulou Thanos Dailianis Trine Bekkby Dario Fiorentino Chris Mcowen Teresa Amaro Elizabeth Grace Tunka Bengil Meri Bilan Christoffer Boström

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Emma Cebrián Carlo Cerrano Roberto Danovaro Simonetta Fraschetti Karine Gagnon Cristina Gambi Anthony Grehan Bernat Hereu Silvija Kipson Jonne Kotta Cristina Linares

Telmo Morato Henn Ojaveer Helen Orav‐Kotta Antonio Sarà Rachael Scrimgeour

Characterization and Mapping of a Deep-Sea Sponge Ground on the Tropic Seamount (Northeast Tropical Atlantic): Implications for Spatial Management in the High Seas

Frontiers in Marine Science

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May, 2019

1 team member is author

OA Citations 60 Rising DOI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00278

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2019.00278

Berta Ramiro‐Sánchez José Manuel González‐Irusta Lea‐Anne Henry Jason Cleland Isobel Yeo Joana R. Xavier

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Íris Sampaio J. Spearman Lissette Victorero Charles G. Messing Georgios Kazanidis J. Murray Roberts Bramley J. Murton

Abstract

Ferromanganese crusts occurring on seamounts are a potential resource for rare earth elements that are critical for low-carbon technologies. Seamounts, however, host vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs), which means that spatial management is needed to address potential conflicts between mineral extraction and the conservation of deep-sea biodiversity. Exploration of the Tropic Seamount, located in an Area Beyond National Jurisdiction (ABNJ) in the subtropical North Atlantic, revealed large amounts of rare earth elements, as well as numerous VMEs, including high-density octocoral gardens, Solenosmilia variabilis patch reefs, xenophyophores, crinoid fields and deep-sea sponge grounds. This study focuses on the extensive monospecific grounds of the hexactinellid sponge Poliopogon amadou (Thomson, 1878). Deep-sea sponge grounds provide structurally complex habitat, augmenting local biodiversity. To understand the potential extent of these sponge grounds and inform spatial management, we produced the first ensemble species distribution model and local habitat suitability maps for P. amadou in the Atlantic employing Maximum Entropy (Maxent), General Additive Models (GAMs), and Random Forest (RF). The main factors driving the distribution of the sponge were depth and maximum current speed. The sponge grounds occurred in a marked bathymetric belt (2,500 – 3,000 m) within the upper North Atlantic Deep Water mass (2.5∘C, 34.7 psu, O2 6.7–7 mg ml-1), with a preference for areas bathed by moderately strong currents (0.2 – 0.4 ms-1). GAMs, Maxent and RF showed similar performance in terms of evaluation statistics but a different prediction, with RF showing the highest differences. This algorithm only retained depth and maximum currents whereas GAM and Maxent included bathymetric position index, slope, aspect and backscatter. In these latter two models, P. amadou showed a preference for high backscatter values and areas slightly elevated, flat or with gentle slopes and with a NE orientation. The lack of significant differences in model performance permitted to merge all predictions using an ensemble model approach. Our results contribute toward understanding the environmental drivers and biogeography of the species in the Atlantic. Furthermore, we present a case toward designating the Tropic Seamount as an Ecologically or Biologically Significant marine Area (EBSA) as a contribution to address biodiversity conservation in ABNJs.

Global Observing Needs in the Deep Ocean

Frontiers in Marine Science

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May, 2019

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 293 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2019.00241

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2019.00241

Lisa A. Levin Brian J. Bett Andrew R. Gates Patrick Heimbach Bruce M. Howe Felix Janßen Andrea Mccurdy Henry A. Ruhl Paul V. R. Snelgrove Karen Stocks David M. Bailey Simone Baumann‐Pickering Chris Beaverson Mark C. Benfield David J. Booth

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Ana Colaço M. C. Eblé Ashley M. Fowler Kristina M. Gjerde Daniel O. B. Jones Katsuro Katsumata Deborah S. Kelley Nadine Le Bris Alan P. Leonardi Franck Lejzerowicz Peter I. Macreadie Dianne Mclean Fred Meitz

Telmo Morato Amanda N. Netburn Jan Pawłowski Craig R. Smith Song Sun Hiroshi Uchida Michael F. Vardaro R. Venkatesan Robert A. Weller

Abstract

The deep ocean below 200 m water depth is the least observed, but largest habitat on our planet by volume and area. Over 150 years of exploration has revealed that this dynamic system provides critical climate regulation, houses a wealth of energy, mineral, and biological resources, and represents a vast repository of biological diversity. A long history of deep-ocean exploration and observation led to the initial concept for the Deep-Ocean Observing Strategy (DOOS), under the auspices of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). Here we discuss the scientific need for globally integrated deep-ocean observing, its status, and the key scientific questions and societal mandates driving observing requirements over the next decade. We consider the Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) needed to address deep-ocean challenges within the physical, biogeochemical, and biological/ecosystem sciences according to the Framework for Ocean Observing (FOO), and map these onto scientific questions. Opportunities for new and expanded synergies among deep-ocean stakeholders are discussed, including academic-industry partnerships with the oil and gas, mining, cable and fishing industries, the ocean exploration and mapping community, and biodiversity conservation initiatives. Future deep-ocean observing will benefit from the greater integration across traditional disciplines and sectors, achieved through demonstration projects and facilitated reuse and repurposing of existing deep-sea data efforts. We highlight examples of existing and emerging deep-sea methods and technologies, noting key challenges associated with data volume, preservation, standardization, and accessibility. Emerging technologies relevant to deep-ocean sustainability and the blue economy include novel genomics approaches, imaging technologies, and ultra-deep hydrographic measurements. Capacity building will be necessary to integrate capabilities into programs and projects at a global scale. Progress can be facilitated by Open Science and Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable (FAIR) data principles and converge on agreed to data standards, practices, vocabularies, and registries. We envision expansion of the deep-ocean observing community to embrace the participation of academia, industry, NGOs, national governments, international governmental organizations, and the public at large in order to unlock critical knowledge contained in the deep ocean over coming decades, and to realize the mutual benefits of thoughtful deep-ocean observing for all elements of a sustainable ocean.

Existing environmental management approaches relevant to deep-sea mining

Marine Policy

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Feb, 2019

1 team member is author

OA Citations 80 DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.01.006

Authors 10.1016/j.marpol.2019.01.006

Daniel O. B. Jones Jennifer M. Durden Kevin Murphy Kristina M. Gjerde Aleksandra Gebicka Ana Colaço

Telmo Morato Daphné Cuvelier David Billett

Abstract

Deep-sea mining (DSM) may become a significant stressor on the marine environment. The DSM industry should demonstrate transparently its commitment to preventing serious harm to the environment by complying with legal requirements, using environmental good practice, and minimizing environmental impacts. Here existing environmental management approaches relevant to DSM that can be used to improve performance are identified and detailed. DSM is still predominantly in the planning stage and will face some unique challenges but there is considerable environmental management experience in existing related industries. International good practice has been suggested for DSM by bodies such as the Pacific Community and the International Marine Minerals Society. The inherent uncertainty in DSM presents challenges, but it can be addressed by collection of environmental information, area-based/spatial management, the precautionary approach and adaptive management. Tools exist for regional and strategic management, which have already begun to be introduced by the International Seabed Authority, for example in the Clarion-Clipperton Zone. Project specific environmental management, through environmental impact assessment, baseline assessment, monitoring, mitigation and environmental management planning, will be critical to identify and reduce potential impacts. In addition, extractive companies’ internal management may be optimised to improve performance by emphasising sustainability at a high level in the company, improving transparency and reporting and introducing environmental management systems. The DSM industry and its regulators have the potential to select and optimize recognised and documented effective practices and adapt them, greatly improving the environmental performance of this new industry.

Distribution patterns and demographic trends of demosponges at the Menorca Channel (Northwestern Mediterranean Sea)

Progress In Oceanography

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Feb, 2019

1 team member is author

OA Citations 22 DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.02.002

Authors 10.1016/j.pocean.2019.02.002

Andreu Santín Jordi Grinyó Stefano Ambroso María Jesús Uriz

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Josep María Gili

SIMSEA: A Multiagent Architecture for Fishing Activity in a Simulated Environment

Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence

|

Jan, 2019

1 team member is author

OA Citations 1 DOI 10.5220/0007393502020209

Authors 10.5220/0007393502020209

José Cascalho Paulo Trigo Maria João Cruz Armando􀀁 B. Mendes Eva Giacomello Adriana Ressurreição Tomaz Ponce Dentinho

Telmo Morato

Census of Octocorallia (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) of the Azores (NE Atlantic) with a nomenclature update

Zootaxa

|

Jan, 2019

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 18 DOI 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.4.1

Authors 10.11646/zootaxa.4550.4.1

Íris Sampaio André Freiwald

Filipe M. Porteiro Gui M. Menezes

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Abstract

Zoological nomenclature revisions are essential for biodiversity studies and indispensable to avoid naming and description of already described species and should be valued in all subsequent studies considering biology, molecular biology, ecology or habitat mapping of deep-sea species. Herein, a thorough revision of the taxonomic literature on Octocorallia since the beginning of deep-sea exploration in the Azores is provided. Since 1870, when the first octocoral, Virgularia mirabilis (Müller, 1776), was recorded in the Azores a cyclic pattern on the taxonomical study of octocorals reveals the deep-sea investigation efforts made on the region at different periods: Prince Albert I of Monaco, Biaçores and recent expeditions. The first decade of this millennium was the peak on taxonomic research of cold-water octocorals in the Azores with 11 publications targeting gorgonians and soft corals (Alcyonacea) and specific sub-orders within it. Ninety-eight names of Octocorallia were found to be given in the economic exclusive zone of the Azores. While 25 names were changed or added to the known Azorean octocoral diversity, 3 species identified in the region and unreported in the reviewed literature, increase the number to 101 species. Twenty-five names were synonymized while three species names were unmasked as errors in need of taxonomical clarification. This is the highest species richness of Octocorallia found in Europe and in any Northern Atlantic archipelago so far, representing ~60% of the most diverse center of endemism of South Africa, with a part in the Eastern Atlantic. Further research on taxonomy may reveal new species to science.

First description of polyp bailout in cold-water octocorals under aquaria maintenance

Coral Reefs

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Jan, 2019

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 16 DOI 10.1007/s00338-018-01760-x

Authors 10.1007/s00338-018-01760-x

Maria Rakka Meri Bilan

António Godinho Juancho Movilla Covadonga Orejas

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

A Multi Criteria Assessment Method for Identifying Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems in the North-East Atlantic

Frontiers in Marine Science

|

Dec, 2018

1 team member is author

OA Citations 60 Rising DOI 10.3389/fmars.2018.00460

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2018.00460

Telmo Morato Christopher K. Pham Carlos Pinto Neil Golding Jeff Ardron P. Durán-Muñoz Francis Neat

Abstract

In international fisheries management, scientific advice on the presence of "vulnerable marine ecosystems" (VMEs) per United Nations resolutions, has generally used qualitative assessments based on expert judgment of the occurrence of indicator taxa such as cold-water corals and sponges. Use of expert judgment alone can be criticized for inconsistency and sometimes a lack of transparency; therefore, development of robust and repeatable numeric methods to detect the presence of VMEs would be advantageous. Here, we present a multi-criteria assessment (MCA) method to evaluate how likely a given area of seafloor represents a VME. The MCA is a taxa-dependent spatial method that accounts for both the quantity and data quality available. This was applied to a database of records of VMEs built, held and compiled by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES). A VME index was generated which ranged from 1.51 to 4.52, with 5.0 being reserved for confirmed VME habitats. An index of confidence was also computed that ranged from 0.0 to 0.75, with 1 being reserved for those confirmed VME habitats. Overall the MCA captured the important elements of the ICES VME database and provided a simplified, spatially aggregated, and weighted estimate of how likely a given area is to contain VMEs. The associated estimate of confidence gave an indication of how uncertain that assessment was for the same given area. This methodology provides a more systematic and standardized approach for assessing the likelihood of presence of VMEs in the North-East Atlantic.

Potential Mitigation and Restoration Actions in Ecosystems Impacted by Seabed Mining

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Dec, 2018

1 team member is author

OA Citations 64 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2018.00467

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2018.00467

Daphné Cuvelier Sabine Gollner Daniel O. B. Jones Stefanie Kaiser Pedro Martínez Arbizu L. Menzel Nélia C. Mestre

Telmo Morato Christopher K. Pham Florence Pradillon Autun Purser Uwe Raschka Jozée Sarrazin Erik Simon‐Lledó Ian Stewart Heiko Stuckas Andrew K. Sweetman Ana Colaço

Abstract

Mining impacts will affect local populations to different degrees. Impacts range from removal of habitats and possible energy sources to pollution and smaller-scale alterations in local habitats that, depending on the degree of disturbance, can lead to extinction of local communities. While there is a shortage or even lack of studies investigating impacts that resemble those caused by actual mining activity, the information available on the potential long-lasting impacts of seabed mining emphasise the need for effective environmental management plans. These plans should include efforts to mitigate deep-sea mining impact such as avoidance, minimisation and potentially restoration actions, to maintain or encourage reinstatement of a resilient ecosystem. A wide range of mitigation and restoration actions for deep-sea ecosystems at risk were addressed. From an ecological point of view, the designation of set-aside areas (refuges) is of utmost importance as it appears to be the most comprehensive and precautionary approach, both for well-known and lesser studied areas. Other actions range from the deployment of artificial substrates to enhance faunal colonisation and survival to habitat recreation, artificial eutrophication, but also spatial and temporal management of mining operations, as well as optimising mining machine construction to minimise plume size on the sea floor, toxicity of the return plume and sediment compression. No single action will suffice to allow an ecosystem to recover, instead combined mitigation/restoration actions need to be considered, which will depend on the specific characteristics of the different mining habitats and the resources hosted (polymetallic sulphides, polymetallic nodules and cobalt-rich ferromanganese crusts). However, there is a lack of practical experience regarding mitigation and restoration actions following mining impacts, which severely hamper their predictability and estimation of their possible effect and success. We propose an extensive list of actions that could be considered as recommendations for best environmental practice. The list is not restricted and, depending on the characteristics of the site, additional actions can be considered. For all actions presented here, further research is necessary to fully encompass their potential and contribution to possible mitigation or restoration of the ecosystem.

An overview of fisheries discards in the Azores

Fisheries Research

|

Oct, 2018

2 team members are authors

Citations 47 DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2018.10.001

Authors 10.1016/j.fishres.2018.10.001

Laurence Fauconnet Christopher K. Pham Ângela Canha Pedro Afonso Hugo Diogo Miguel Machete Hélder Silva Frédèric Vandeperre

Telmo Morato

Human activities and resultant pressures on key European marine habitats: An analysis of mapped resources

Marine Policy

|

Sep, 2018

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 58 DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.08.038

Authors 10.1016/j.marpol.2018.08.038

Thanos Dailianis Chris Smith Nadia Papadopoulou Vasilis Gerovasileiou Katerina Sevastou Trine Bekkby Meri Bilan David Billett Christoffer Boström

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Roberto Danovaro Simonetta Fraschetti Karine Gagnon Cristina Gambi Anthony Grehan Silvija Kipson Jonne Kotta Chris Mcowen

Telmo Morato Henn Ojaveer Christopher K. Pham Rachael Scrimgeour

The effect of rapid decompression on barotrauma and survival rate in swallowtail seaperch (Anthias anthias): Defining protocols for mitigating surfacing mortality

Aquaculture

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Aug, 2018

2 team members are authors

Citations 1 DOI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.052

Authors 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.052

Luís Silva Rui Guedes Rosa Nelson Campino

Inês Martins Mário Pinho João P.s. Correia

Telmo Morato

A strategy for the conservation of biodiversity on mid-ocean ridges from deep-sea mining

Science Advances

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Jul, 2018

1 team member is author

OA Citations 128 DOI 10.1126/sciadv.aar4313

Authors 10.1126/sciadv.aar4313

Daniel C. Dunn Cindy Lee Van Dover Ron J. Etter Craig R. Smith Lisa A. Levin

Telmo Morato Ana Colaço A Dale Andrey Gebruk Kristina M. Gjerde Patrick N. Halpin Kerry L. Howell David E. Johnson José Ángel Álvarez Pérez Marta Chantal Ribeiro Heiko Stuckas P.p.e. Weaver Sempia Workshop Participants

Abstract

An international initiative takes conservation planning into the deep ocean to inform environmental management of deep-sea mining.

Assessment of Cu sub-lethal toxicity (LC50) in the cold-water gorgonian Dentomuricea meteor under a deep-sea mining activity scenario

Environmental Pollution

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May, 2018

3 team members are authors

Citations 19 DOI 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.040

Authors 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.05.040

Inês Martins

António Godinho Joana Goulart

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Effects of marine protected areas on coastal fishes across the Azores archipelago, mid-North Atlantic

Journal of Sea Research

|

Apr, 2018

1 team member is author

Citations 20 DOI 10.1016/j.seares.2018.04.003

Authors 10.1016/j.seares.2018.04.003

Pedro Afonso Mara Schmiing Jorge Fontes Fernando Tempera

Telmo Morato Ricardo S. Santos

Capture, husbandry and long-term transport of pilotfish, Naucrates ductor (Linnaeus, 1758), by sea, land and air

Environmental Biology of Fishes

|

Apr, 2018

1 team member is author

Citations 2 DOI 10.1007/s10641-018-0757-8

Authors 10.1007/s10641-018-0757-8

João P.s. Correia Francisco De Vaissier Ferro Mauricio Rui Rosa Tiago Marçal Nelson Silva Campino Luís Silva

Telmo Morato

Terrestrial discharge influences microbioerosion and microbioeroder community structure in coral reefs

African Journal of Marine Science

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Jan, 2018

1 team member is author

Citations 2 DOI 10.2989/1814232x.2018.1435424

Authors 10.2989/1814232x.2018.1435424

Sa Mwachireya

Marina Carreiro‐Silva B. Hartwick Tim R. Mcclanahan

Abstract

Microbioerosion rates and microbioeroder community structure were studied in four Kenyan protected coral-reef lagoons using shell fragments of Tridacna giant clams to determine their response to the influence of terrestrial run-off. Fourteen different microbioeroder traces from seven cyanobacteria, three green algae and four fungi species were identified. The river discharge-impacted reef and ‘pristine’ reef showed similar composition but higher microbioeroder abundance and total cyanobacteria- and chlorophyte-bioeroded areas when compared with the other study reefs. Cyanobacteria dominated during the north-east monsoon (NEM) relative to the south-east monsoon (SEM) season, with algae and cyanobacteria being major microbioeroders in the river-impacted and pristine reefs. The rate of microbioerosion varied between 4.3 g CaCO3 m−2 y−1 (SEM) and 134.7 g CaCO3 m−2 y−1 (NEM), and was highest in the river-impacted reef (127.6 g CaCO3 m−2 y−1), which was almost double that in the pristine reef (69.5 g CaCO3 m−2 y−1) and the mangrove-fringed reef (56.2 g CaCO3 m−2 y−1). The microbioerosion rates measured in this study may not be high enough to cause concern with regard to the health and net carbonate production of Kenya’s coral reefs. Nevertheless, predicted increases in the frequency and severity of stresses related to global climate change (e.g. increased sea surface temperature, acidification), as well as interactions with local disturbances and their influence on bioerosion, may be increasingly important in the future.

Limited Carbonate Dissolution by Boring Microflora at Two Volcanically Acidified Temperate Sites: Ischia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) and Faial (Azores, NE Atlantic Ocean)

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

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Dec, 2017

1 team member is author

OA Citations 4 DOI 10.1002/2016gb005575

Authors 10.1002/2016gb005575

Aline Tribollet Julie Grange Hugo Parra Riccardo Rodolfo‐Metalpa

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Abstract

Abstract In situ effects of ocean acidification on carbonate dissolution by microboring flora, also called biogenic dissolution, have only been studied once in tropical environments. Naturally acidified seawaters due to CO 2 vents offer a perfect setting to study these effects in temperate systems. Three sites were selected at Ischia (Italy, Mediterranean Sea) with one experiencing ambient pH and the two others a mean pH T of 7.2 and 7.5. At Faial (Azores, NE Atlantic), one site with ambient pH and one acidified site with a mean pH T of 7.4 were selected. Experiments were carried out during 1.5 months and 6 months in Azores and Ischia, respectively, to determine the effects of OA on microboring communities in various carbonate substrates. Low pH influenced negatively boring microflora development by limiting their depth of penetration and abundance in substrates. Biogenic dissolution was thus reduced by a factor 3 to 7 depending on sites and substrate types. At sites with ambient pH in Faial, biogenic dissolution contributed up to 23% to the total weight loss, while it contributed less than 1% to the total weight loss of substrates at the acidified sites. Most of the dissolution at these sites was due to chemical dissolution (often Ω ≤ 1). Such conditions maintained microboring communities at a pioneer stage with a limited depth of penetration in substrates. Our results, together with previous findings that showed an increase of biogenic dissolution at pH > 7.7, suggest that there is a pH tipping point below which microborer development and thus carbonate biogenic dissolution is strongly limited.

Sponge assemblages on the deep Mediterranean continental shelf and slope (Menorca Channel, Western Mediterranean Sea)

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

|

Dec, 2017

1 team member is author

Citations 45 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2017.11.003

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2017.11.003

Andreu Santín Jordi Grinyó Stefano Ambroso María Jesús Uriz Andrea Gori

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Josep María Gili

Cold-water corals and large hydrozoans provide essential fish habitat for Lappanella fasciata and Benthocometes robustus

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography

|

Sep, 2017

2 team members are authors

Citations 34 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.09.015

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr2.2017.09.015

José Nuno Gomes‐Pereira Vanda Carmo Diana Catarino Joachim Jakobsen Helena Álvarez Ricardo Aguilar Justin Hart Eva Giacomello Gui M. Menezes Sérgio Stefanni Ana Colaço

Telmo Morato Ricardo S. Santos Fernando Tempera

Filipe M. Porteiro

Viewpoints in bioerosion research—are we really disagreeing? A reply to the comment by Silbiger and DeCarlo (2017)

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Aug, 2017

1 team member is author

OA Citations 1 DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsx167

Authors 10.1093/icesjms/fsx167

Christine H L Schönberg Aline Tribollet James Kar‐Hei Fang

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Max Wisshak

Abstract

International audience

A global biogeographic classification of the mesopelagic zone

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

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May, 2017

1 team member is author

OA Citations 297 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2017.05.006

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2017.05.006

Tracey Sutton Malcolm R. Clark Daniel C. Dunn Patrick N. Halpin Alex D. Rogers John Guinotte Steven J. Bograd Martin Angel José Ángel Álvarez Pérez Karen F. Wishner Richard L. Haedrich Dhugal J. Lindsay Jeffrey C. Drazen Alexander L. Vereshchaka Uwe Piatkowski

Telmo Morato Katarzyna Błachowiak‐Samołyk Bruce H. Robison Kristina M. Gjerde A.c. Pierrot-Bults Patricio Bernal Gabriel Reygondeau Mikko Heino

Resilience of benthic deep-sea fauna to mining activities

Marine Environmental Research

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Apr, 2017

1 team member is author

OA Citations 313 DOI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.010

Authors 10.1016/j.marenvres.2017.04.010

Sabine Gollner Stefanie Kaiser L. Menzel Daniel O. B. Jones Alastair Brown Nélia C. Mestre Dick Van Oevelen Lénàïck Menot Ana Colaço Miquel Canals Daphné Cuvelier Jennifer M. Durden Andrey Gebruk Great Egho Matthias Haeckel Yann Marcon Lisa Mevenkamp

Telmo Morato Christopher K. Pham Autun Purser Anna Sànchez‐Vidal Ann Vanreusel Αnnemiek Vink Pedro Martínez Arbizu

Development of a sensitive detection method to survey pelagic biodiversity using eDNA and quantitative PCR: a case study of devil ray at seamounts

Marine Biology

|

Apr, 2017

1 team member is author

OA Citations 60 DOI 10.1007/s00227-017-3141-x

Authors 10.1007/s00227-017-3141-x

Laura Gargan

Telmo Morato Christopher K. Pham John A. Finarelli Jeanette E. L. Carlsson Jens Carlsson

Zoantharians (Hexacorallia: Zoantharia) Associated with Cold-Water Corals in the Azores Region: New Species and Associations in the Deep Sea

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Apr, 2017

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 39 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2017.00088

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2017.00088

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Óscar Ocaña David Stanković Íris Sampaio

Filipe M. Porteiro Marie-Claire Fabri Sérgio Stefanni

Abstract

Zoantharians are a group of cnidarians that are often found in association with marine invertebrates, including corals, in shallow and deep-sea environments. However, little is known about deep-sea zoantharian taxonomy, specificity and nature of their associations with their coral hosts. In this study, analyses of molecular data (mtDNA COI, 16S and 12S rDNA) coupled with ecological and morphological characteristics were used to examine zoantharian specimens associated with cold-water corals at depths between 110 and 800 m from seamounts and island slopes in the Azores region. The zoantharians examined were found living in association with stylasterids, antipatharians and octocorals. From the collected specimens, four new species were identified: (1) Epizoanthus martinsae sp. n. associated with the antipatharian Leiopathes sp.; (2) Parazoanthus aliceae sp. n. associated with the stylasterid Errina dabneyi (Pourtalès, 1871); (3) Zibrowius alberti sp. n. associated with octocorals of the family Primnoidae (Paracalyptrophora josephinae (Lindström, 1877)) and the family Plexauridae (Dentomuricea aff. meteor Grasshoff, 1977); (4) Hurlizoanthus hirondelleae sp. n. associated with the primnoid octocoral Candidella imbricata (Johnson, 1862). In addition, based on newly collected material, morphological and molecular data and phylogenic reconstruction, the zoantharian Isozoanthus primnoidus Carreiro-Silva, Braga-Henriques, Sampaio, de Matos, Porteiro & Ocaña, 2011, associated with the primnoid octocoral Callogorgia verticillata (Pallas, 1766), was reclassified of as Zibrowius primnoidus comb. nov. The zoantharians, Z. primnoidus comb. nov., Z. alberti sp. n. and H. hirondelleae sp. n. associated with octocorals showed evidence of a parasitic relationship, where the zoantharian progressively eliminates gorgonian tissue and uses the gorgonian axis for structure and support, and coral sclerites for protection. In contrast, the zoantharian P. aliceae sp. n. associated with the stylasterid E. dabneyi and the zoantharian E. martinsae sp. n. associated with the antipatharian Leiopathes sp., appear to use the coral host only as support with no visible damage to the host. The monophyly of octocoral-associated zoantharians suggests that substrate specificity is tightly linked to the evolution of zoantharians.

Overview of the Ocean Climatology and Its Variability in the Azores Region of the North Atlantic Including Environmental Characteristics at the Seabed

Frontiers in Marine Science

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Mar, 2017

1 team member is author

OA Citations 45 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2017.00056

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2017.00056

Patrícia Amorim António D. Perán Christopher K. Pham Manuela Juliano Frederico Cardigos Fernando Tempera

Telmo Morato

Abstract

Obtaining a comprehensive knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations of the environmental factors characterising the Azores region is essential for conservation and management purposes. Although many studies are available for the region, there is a need for a general overview of the best available information. Here, we assembled a comprehensive collection of environmental data and briefly described the ocean climatology and its variability in the Azores. Data sources used in this study included remote sensing oceanographic data for 2003-2013 (sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a concentration, particulate inorganic carbon and particulate organic carbon), derived oceanographic data (primary productivity and North Atlantic oscillation index) for 2003-2013, and in situ data (temperature, salinity, oxygen, phosphate, nitrate and silicate) obtained from the World Ocean Atlas 2013. We have produced 78 geographic datasets of environmental data for the Azores region that were deposited at the World Data Center Pangaea and also made available at the SIGMAR Azores website. As with previous studies, our results confirmed a high spatial, seasonal and inter-annual variability of the marine environment in the Azores region, typical of mid latitudes. For example, lower sea surface temperature was found in the northern part of the study area coinciding with higher values for chlorophyll-a concentration, net primary production, and particulate organic and inorganic carbon. Higher values for some of these parameters were also found on island slopes and some seamounts. Compiled data on the environmental conditions at near-seabed revealed some notable variations across the study area (e.g. oxygen and nutrients) and with depth (e.g. temperature, salinity, and oxygen). Knowledge of these patterns will help improve our understanding of the distribution of many deep-sea organisms such as fish, cold-water corals and sponges, thereby supporting the implementation of marine spatial planning and other management measures. It should be noted, that the assembled datasets suffer from a number of limitations related to the accuracy of remote sensing and global bathymetry data, or to the limited and unevenly distributed historical environmental observations. Accordingly, an effective global network of observing systems for detecting oceanic change with adequate accuracy and precision is still required.

Bioerosion: the other ocean acidification problem

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Mar, 2017

1 team member is author

OA Citations 188 DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsw254

Authors 10.1093/icesjms/fsw254

Christine H L Schönberg James Kar‐Hei Fang

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Aline Tribollet Max Wisshak

Abstract

Bioerosion of calcium carbonate is the natural counterpart of biogenic calcification. Both are affected by ocean acidification (OA). We summarize definitions and concepts in bioerosion research and knowledge in the context of OA, providing case examples and meta-analyses. Chemically mediated bioerosion relies on energy demanding, biologically controlled undersaturation or acid regulation and increases with simulated OA, as does passive dissolution. Through substrate weakening both processes can indirectly enhance mechanical bioerosion, which is not directly affected by OA. The low attention and expert knowledge on bioerosion produced some ambiguous views and approaches, and limitations to experimental studies restricted opportunities to generalize. Comparability of various bioerosion and calcification rates remains difficult. Physiological responses of bioeroders or interactions of environmental factors are insufficiently studied. We stress the importance to foster and advance high quality bioerosion research as global trends suggest the following: (i) growing environmental change (eutrophication, coral mortality, OA) is expected to elevate bioerosion in the near future; (ii) changes harmful to calcifiers may not be as severe for bioeroders (e.g. warming); and (iii) factors facilitating bioerosion often reduce calcification rates (e.g. OA). The combined result means that the natural process bioerosion has itself become a “stress factor” for reef health and resilience.

Historical gene flow constraints in a northeastern Atlantic fish: phylogeography of the ballan wrasseLabrus bergyltaacross its distribution range

Royal Society Open Science

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Feb, 2017

1 team member is author

OA Citations 35 DOI 10.1098/rsos.160773

Authors 10.1098/rsos.160773

Frederico Almada Sara M. Francisco Cristina S. Lima R. Fitzgerald Luca Mirimin David Villegas‐Ríos Fran Saborido‐Rey Pedro Afonso

Telmo Morato Sérgio Bexiga Joana I. Robalo

Abstract

The distribution and demographic patterns of marine organisms in the north Atlantic were largely shaped by climatic changes during the Pleistocene, when recurrent glacial maxima forced them to move south or to survive in northern peri-glacial refugia. These patterns were also influenced by biological and ecological factors intrinsic to each species, namely their dispersion ability. The ballan wrasse ( Labrus bergylta ), the largest labrid fish along Europe's continental margins, is a target for fisheries and aquaculture industry. The phylogeographic pattern, population structure, potential glacial refugia and recolonization routes for this species were assessed across its full distribution range, using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. The existence of a marked population structure can reflect both recolonization from three distinct glacial refugia and current and past oceanographic circulation patterns. Although isolated in present times, shared haplotypes between continental and Azores populations and historical exchange of migrants in both directions point to a common origin of L. bergylta . This situation is likely to be maintained and/or accentuated by current circulation patterns in the north Atlantic, and may lead to incipient speciation in the already distinct Azorean population. Future monitoring of this species is crucial to evaluate how this species is coping with current environmental changes.

Food-Web and Ecosystem Structure of the Open-Ocean and Deep-Sea Environments of the Azores, NE Atlantic

Frontiers in Marine Science

|

Dec, 2016

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 27 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2016.00245

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2016.00245

Telmo Morato Emile Lemey Gui M. Menezes Christopher K. Pham

Joana Brito Ambre Soszynski Tony J. Pitcher Johanna J. Heymans

Abstract

The Marine Strategy Framework Directive intends to adopt ecosystem-based management for resources, biodiversity and habitats that puts emphasis on maintaining the health of the ecosystem alongside appropriate human use of the marine environment, for the benefit of current and future generations. Within the overall framework of ecosystem-based management, ecosystem models are tools to evaluate and gain insights in ecosystem properties. The low data availability and complexity of modeling deep-water ecosystems has limited the application of ecosystem models to few deep-water ecosystems. Here, we aim to develop an ecosystem model for the deep-sea and open ocean in the Azores exclusive economic zone with the overarching objective of characterizing the food-web and structure of the ecosystem. An ecosystem model with 45 functional groups, including a detritus group, two primary producer groups, eight invertebrate groups, 29 fish groups, three marine mammal groups, a turtle and a seabird group was built. Overall data quality measured by the pedigree index was estimated to be higher than the mean value of all published models. Therefore, the model was built with source data of an overall reasonable quality, especially considering the normally low data availability for deep-sea ecosystems. The total biomass (excluding detritus) of the modeled ecosystem for the whole area was calculated as 24.7 t km-2. The mean trophic level for the total marine catch of the Azores was estimated to be 3.95, similar to the trophic level of the bathypelagic and medium-size pelagic fish. Trophic levels for the different functional groups were estimated to be similar to those obtained with stable isotopes and stomach contents analyses, with some exceptions on both ends of the trophic spectra. Omnivory indices were in general low, indicating prey speciation for the majority of the groups. Cephalopods, pelagic sharks and toothed whales were identified as groups with key ecological roles in the ecosystem. Due to concerns on the use of ecosystem models with low confidence in exploring management decisions and ecological theories, the current version of this model should only be use with caution until biomass estimates are validated with survey data or the model is fitted to time series.

Environmental drivers of salp Thalia democratica population dynamics from in situ observations

Marine Ecology Progress Series

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Oct, 2016

1 team member is author

OA Citations 4 DOI 10.3354/meps11915

Authors 10.3354/meps11915

María Isabel González Pascual Michael G. Neubert José Luis Acuña Ar Solow

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió J. Salvador Alejandro Olariaga V. Fuentes

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 561:189-201 (2016) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11915 Environmental drivers of salp Thalia democratica population dynamics from in situ observations Maria Pascual1,*, Michael G. Neubert2, José Luis Acuña3, Andrew R. Solow2, Carlos Dominguez-Carrió1, Joaquín Salvador1, Alejandro Olariaga1, Verónica Fuentes1 1Institut de Ciències del Mar, 08003 Barcelona, Spain 2Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA 3Universidad de Oviedo, 33003 Oviedo, Spain *Corresponding author: mpascual@icm.csic.es ABSTRACT: Thalia democratica blooms are a recurrent phenomenon in many coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea and have significant ecological effects. To better understand the environmental drivers of salp blooms, we conducted 8 surveys to sample T. democratica in contrasting seasonal, temperature and chlorophyll conditions. In each survey, short-term variations in the abundances of different salp stages were assessed by sampling the same population at 30 min intervals. Using these data, we estimated the parameters in a set of stage-classified matrix population models representing different assumptions about the influence of temperature and chlorophyll on each stage. In the model that best explains our observations, only females are affected by changes in water temperature. Whether this is a direct influence of temperature or an indirect effect reflecting low food availability, female reproduction cessation seems to slow population growth under unfavourable conditions. When conditions become favourable again, females liberate the embryo and change sex to male, allowing for mating under extremely low salp densities and triggering the bloom. In contrast to previous findings, our results suggest that females, rather than oozooids, are responsible for the sustainability of salp populations during latency periods. KEY WORDS: Matrix population models · Pelagic tunicate ecology · Population latency · Gelatinous zooplankton blooms Full text in pdf format Supplementary material PreviousNextCite this article as: Pascual M, Neubert MG, Acuña JL, Solow AR and others (2016) Environmental drivers of salp Thalia democratica population dynamics from in situ observations. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 561:189-201. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps11915 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 561. Online publication date: December 15, 2016 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2016 Inter-Research.

Seafloor Characteristics in the Azores Region (North Atlantic)

Frontiers in Marine Science

|

Oct, 2016

1 team member is author

OA Citations 19 DOI 10.3389/fmars.2016.00204

Authors 10.3389/fmars.2016.00204

António D. Perán Christopher K. Pham Patrícia Amorim Frederico Cardigos Fernando Tempera

Telmo Morato

Abstract

Seafloor Characteristics in the Azores Region (North Atlantic)

Patterns in megabenthic assemblages on a seamount summit (Ormonde Peak, Gorringe Bank, Northeast Atlantic)

Marine Ecology

|

Aug, 2016

1 team member is author

Citations 27 DOI 10.1111/maec.12353

Authors 10.1111/maec.12353

Manuela Ramos Iacopo Bertocci Fernando Tempera Gonçalo Calado Mónica Albuquerque Pedro Duarte

Abstract

Abstract Gettysburg and Ormonde are two shallow peaks located on the Gorringe seamount about 200 and 240 km WSW off Cape St. Vincent (Portugal, NE Atlantic), within the Portuguese Economic Exclusive Zone. Despite the ecological importance of the biological assemblages on these peaks and the need to preserve seamounts as valuable habitats, no management plans have been yet implemented at this site, which only recently has been included in the list of Sites of Community Importance of Portugal. Video imagery collected using a ROV during the 2011 Oceana campaigns was used here to analyse qualitative and quantitative patterns of benthic assemblage composition at the summit of the seamount (between 30 and 230 m depth). The results suggest that Ormonde is a biologically important area made up of vulnerable marine ecosystem elements that change significantly with depth. These include: kelp beds, in the euphotic zone; encrusting coralline algal communities and solitary colonies or mixed associations of suspension‐feeders (scleractinians, gorgonians, antipatharians, encrusting demosponges and ascidians), at the lower limit of the euphotic zone; mixed coral gardens and erect sponges, in the disphotic zone; and dense sponge aggregations, on the upper slope. These results were further used to propose amendments to the European Nature Information System habitat classification as a tool to work towards resolving the seamounts management issue. The results also provide information on taxa and habitats with high ecological value and classified as threatened or vulnerable, which is essential for the implementation of the cornerstones of Europe's biodiversity conservation policy, namely the OSPAR Convention and the EU Habitats Directive.

Primary production enhancement in a shallow seamount (Gorringe — Northeast Atlantic)

Journal of Marine Systems

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Jul, 2016

1 team member is author

Citations 17 DOI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.07.012

Authors 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.07.012

Ana Paula Oliveira Teresa A. Coutinho G. Cabeçadas M. J. Brogueira Josep Coca

Manuela Ramos Gonçalo Calado Pedro Duarte

Reproductive biology of the black coral Antipathella wollastoni (Cnidaria: Antipatharia) in the Azores (NE Atlantic)

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography

|

May, 2016

1 team member is author

OA Citations 19 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.011

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.05.011

Maria Rakka Covadonga Orejas Íris Sampaio João Gama Monteiro Hugo Parra

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Diversity, distribution and population size structure of deep Mediterranean gorgonian assemblages (Menorca Channel, Western Mediterranean Sea)

Progress In Oceanography

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May, 2016

1 team member is author

OA Citations 85 DOI 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.05.001

Authors 10.1016/j.pocean.2016.05.001

Jordi Grinyó Andrea Gori Stefano Ambroso Ariadna Purroy Clara Calatayud

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Martina Coppari Claudio Lo Iacono Pablo J. López‐González Josep María Gili

New insights on Antarctic gorgonians' age, growth and their potential as paleorecords

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

|

Mar, 2016

1 team member is author

Citations 14 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.03.007

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2016.03.007

Ariadna Martínez‐Dios

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Rebeca Zapata-Guardiola Josep María Gili

Predictive modeling of deep-sea fish distribution in the Azores

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography

|

Feb, 2016

1 team member is author

OA Citations 47 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.01.004

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.01.004

Hugo E. Parra Christopher K. Pham Gui M. Menezes Alexandra Rosa Fernando Tempera

Telmo Morato

Seafloor characterization and benthic megafaunal distribution of an active submarine canyon and surrounding sectors: The case of Gioia Canyon (Southern Tyrrhenian Sea)

Journal of Marine Systems

|

Jan, 2016

1 team member is author

Citations 50 DOI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.01.005

Authors 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2016.01.005

Martina Pierdomenico Eleonora Martorelli

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Josep María Gili Francesco Latino Chiocci

A perspective on the importance of oceanic fronts in promoting aggregation of visitors to seamounts

Fish and Fisheries

|

Sep, 2015

1 team member is author

OA Citations 38 DOI 10.1111/faf.12126

Authors 10.1111/faf.12126

Telmo Morato Peter I. Miller Daniel C. Dunn Simon Nicol James Bowcott Patrick N. Halpin

Abstract

Abstract Recent evidence has demonstrated that not all seamounts are areas where productivity, biomass and biodiversity of marine life thrive. Therefore, understanding the drivers and mechanisms underlying seamount productivity is a major challenge in today's seamount research. Incorporating oceanographic data in future analyses has been suggested to be of paramount importance to unveil many of the seamount ecology paradigms. Persistent hydrographic features, such as oceanic fronts, have been recognized to enhance biological activity and to drive marine animal distributions and migration patterns. However, the importance of oceanic fronts in driving aggregations of visiting animals on seamounts has not been understood yet. Here, we analysed a data set of seamounts in the P acific O cean alongside satellite‐derived maps of strong, persistent and frequently occurring oceanographic features, to evaluate if oceanic fronts promote aggregation of visitors on seamounts. Our analyses suggest that seamounts with a higher front frequency were more likely to aggregate tuna catch than average seamounts. However, it appears that fronts may be driving factors for aggregation only if present above a certain threshold. These results highlight the importance of environmental conditions in general, and oceanic fronts in particular, in promoting seamount productivity. We therefore argue that a thorough examination of the oceanographic conditions promoting seamount productivity at various temporal and spatial scales is warranted in future seamount research agendas.

The importance of deep-sea vulnerable marine ecosystems for demersal fish in the Azores

Deep Sea Research Part I Oceanographic Research Papers

|

Nov, 2014

2 team members are authors

Citations 50 Rising DOI 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.004

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr.2014.11.004

Christopher K. Pham Frédèric Vandeperre Gui M. Menezes

Filipe M. Porteiro Eduardo Isidro

Telmo Morato

An Eguchipsammia (Dendrophylliidae) topping on the cone

Marine Biodiversity

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Apr, 2014

2 team members are authors

Citations 8 DOI 10.1007/s12526-014-0220-9

Authors 10.1007/s12526-014-0220-9

Fernando Tempera

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Kirsten Jakobsen

Filipe M. Porteiro Andreia Braga‐Henriques Joachim Jakobsen

Deep-water longline fishing has reduced impact on Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems

Scientific Reports

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Apr, 2014

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 109 Hot DOI 10.1038/srep04837

Authors 10.1038/srep04837

Christopher K. Pham Hugo Diogo Gui M. Menezes

Filipe M. Porteiro Andreia Braga‐Henriques Frédèric Vandeperre

Telmo Morato

Differential response of two Mediterranean cold-water coral species to ocean acidification

Coral Reefs

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Apr, 2014

1 team member is author

OA Citations 65 DOI 10.1007/s00338-014-1159-9

Authors 10.1007/s00338-014-1159-9

Juancho Movilla Covadonga Orejas Eva Calvo Andrea Gori Àngel López‐Sanz Jordi Grinyó

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Carles Pelejero

Marine Litter Distribution and Density in European Seas, from the Shelves to Deep Basins

PLoS ONE

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Apr, 2014

1 team member is author

OA Citations 675 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0095839

Authors 10.1371/journal.pone.0095839

Christopher K. Pham Eva Ramírez-Llodra Claudia H. S. Alt Teresa Amaro Melanie Bergmann Miquel Canals Joan B. Company Jaime S. Davies Gerard Duineveld François Galgani Kerry L. Howell Veerle A.i. Huvenne Eduardo Isidro Daniel O. B. Jones Galderic Lastras

Telmo Morato José Nuno Gomes‐Pereira Autun Purser Heather Stewart Inês Tojeira Xavier Tubau David Van Rooij

Abstract

Anthropogenic litter is present in all marine habitats, from beaches to the most remote points in the oceans. On the seafloor, marine litter, particularly plastic, can accumulate in high densities with deleterious consequences for its inhabitants. Yet, because of the high cost involved with sampling the seafloor, no large-scale assessment of distribution patterns was available to date. Here, we present data on litter distribution and density collected during 588 video and trawl surveys across 32 sites in European waters. We found litter to be present in the deepest areas and at locations as remote from land as the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone across the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The highest litter density occurs in submarine canyons, whilst the lowest density can be found on continental shelves and on ocean ridges. Plastic was the most prevalent litter item found on the seafloor. Litter from fishing activities (derelict fishing lines and nets) was particularly common on seamounts, banks, mounds and ocean ridges. Our results highlight the extent of the problem and the need for action to prevent increasing accumulation of litter in marine environments.

Molecular mechanisms underlying the physiological responses of the cold-water coral Desmophyllum dianthus to ocean acidification

Coral Reefs

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Feb, 2014

3 team members are authors

Citations 59 DOI 10.1007/s00338-014-1129-2

Authors 10.1007/s00338-014-1129-2

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Teresa Cerqueira

António Godinho Miguel Caetano Ricardo S. Santos Raúl Bettencourt

Ecology: Protect the deep sea

Nature

|

Jan, 2014

1 team member is author

OA Citations 100 DOI 10.1038/505475a

Authors 10.1038/505475a

Edward B. Barbier David Moreno‐Mateos Alex D. Rogers James Aronson Linwood H. Pendleton Roberto Danovaro Lea‐Anne Henry

Telmo Morato Jeff Ardron Cindy Lee Van Dover

A global assessment of seamount ecosystems knowledge using an ecosystem evaluation framework

Biological Conservation

|

Dec, 2013

2 team members are authors

Citations 77 Rising DOI 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.002

Authors 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.10.002

Kristina Øie Kvile

Gerald H. Taranto Tony J. Pitcher

Telmo Morato

Resistance of Two Mediterranean Cold-Water Coral Species to Low-pH Conditions

Water

|

Dec, 2013

1 team member is author

OA Citations 47 DOI 10.3390/w6010059

Authors 10.3390/w6010059

Juancho Movilla Andrea Gori Eva Calvo Covadonga Orejas Àngel López‐Sanz

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Jordi Grinyó Carles Pelejero

Abstract

Deep-water ecosystems are characterized by relatively low carbonate concentration values and, due to ocean acidification (OA), these habitats might be among the first to be exposed to undersaturated conditions in the forthcoming years. However, until now, very few studies have been conducted to test how cold-water coral (CWC) species react to such changes in the seawater chemistry. The present work aims to investigate the mid-term effect of decreased pH on calcification of the two branching CWC species most widely distributed in the Mediterranean, Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata. No significant effects were observed in the skeletal growth rate, microdensity and porosity of both species after 6 months of exposure. However, while the calcification rate of M. oculata was similar for all colony fragments, a heterogeneous skeletal growth pattern was observed in L. pertusa, the younger nubbins showing higher growth rates than the older ones. A higher energy demand is expected in these young, fast-growing fragments and, therefore, a reduction in calcification might be noticed earlier during long-term exposure to acidified conditions.

Ecological restoration in the deep sea: Desiderata

Marine Policy

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Aug, 2013

1 team member is author

OA Citations 159 DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.07.006

Authors 10.1016/j.marpol.2013.07.006

Cindy Lee Van Dover James Aronson Linwood H. Pendleton Samantha Smith Sophie Arnaud‐Haond David Moreno‐Mateos Edward B. Barbier D. S. M. Billett Keith Bowers Roberto Danovaro Alasdair J. Edwards Stephen R. Kellert

Telmo Morato Edward Pollard Alex D. Rogers Robin Warner

Abstract

An era of expanding deep-ocean industrialization is before us, with policy makers establishing governance frameworks for sustainable management of deep-sea resources while scientists learn more about the ecological structure and functioning of the largest biome on the planet. Missing from discussion of the stewardship of the deep ocean is ecological restoration. If existing activities in the deep sea continue or are expanded and new deep-ocean industries are developed, there is need to consider what is required to minimize or repair resulting damages to the deep-sea environment. In addition, thought should be given as to how any past damage can be rectified. This paper develops the discourse on deep-sea restoration and offers guidance on planning and implementing ecological restoration projects for deep-sea ecosystems that are already, or are at threat of becoming, degraded, damaged or destroyed. Two deep-sea restoration case studies or scenarios are described (deep-sea stony corals on the Darwin Mounds off the west coast of Scotland, deep-sea hydrothermal vents in Manus Basin, Papua New Guinea) and are contrasted with on-going saltmarsh restoration in San Francisco Bay. For these case studies, a set of socio-economic, ecological, and technological decision parameters that might favor (or not) their restoration are examined. Costs for hypothetical restoration scenarios in the deep sea are estimated and first indications suggest they may be two to three orders of magnitude greater per hectare than costs for restoration efforts in shallow-water marine systems.

Spatial distribution patterns of the soft corals Alcyonium acaule and Alcyonium palmatum in coastal bottoms (Cap de Creus, northwestern Mediterranean Sea)

Marine Biology

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Aug, 2013

1 team member is author

OA Citations 40 DOI 10.1007/s00227-013-2295-4

Authors 10.1007/s00227-013-2295-4

Stefano Ambroso Andrea Gori

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Josep María Gili Elisa Berganzo Núria Teixidó Michael Greenacre Sérgio Rossi

Abstract

Current knowledge on the abundance and distribution patterns of different soft coral species is relatively limited when compared to other benthic suspension feeders such as gorgonians and hard coral species. To overcome this scarcity of information, the distribution patterns of the soft corals Alcyonium acaule and Alcyonium palmatum were investigated in northwestern Mediterranean benthic communities over a wide geographical (60 km of coastline) and bathymetrical (0–70 m depth) extent using a remotely operated vehicle. A. acaule was the most abundant species in the study area with highest recorded density of 18 col m−2 found at depths of 35–45 m in areas that are directly exposed to strong near-bottom currents. Conversely, A. palmatum was only found as scattered solitary colonies at greater depths in soft bottoms, with maximum density of 2.4 col m−2. Medium and large colonies of A. acaule were preferentially found on sloping and vertical rocky bottoms where they form dense patches. High-density patches of A. acaule were preferentially found on vertical rocky bottom, while isolated colonies were preferentially observed on coralligenous substrata as well as on flat soft and maërl substrates. A. acaule biomass distribution showed highest values between 40 and 45 m depth, and between 60 and 65 m depth. This suggests that deeper populations are formed by colonies that are bigger than the equivalent shallower ones. Although both species are almost genetically identical, ecologically they are very different. For this reason, conservation plans should consider the differential ecological traits shown by these two soft coral species

New and rare coastal fishes in the Azores islands: occasional events or tropicalization process?

Journal of Fish Biology

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Jul, 2013

2 team members are authors

Citations 54 Rising DOI 10.1111/jfb.12162

Authors 10.1111/jfb.12162

Pedro Afonso

Filipe M. Porteiro Jorge Fontes Fernando Tempera

Telmo Morato Frederico Cardigos Ricardo S. Santos

Abstract

Seven coastal fish species are newly reported for the remote north Atlantic archipelago of the Azores: Mediterranean sand eel Gymnammodytes cicerelus , bar jack Caranx ruber , two‐banded seabream Diplodus vulgaris , bastard grunt Pomadasys incisus , unicorn leatherjacket filefish Aluterus scriptus and longspined porcupinefish Diodon holacanthus . The occurrence is also confirmed for 19 species that had been hitherto cited occasionally for the region, totalling a list of two elasmobranchs and 23 teleosts. Diplodus vulgaris , which appears to have recently colonized the islands, as well as roughtail stingray Dasyatis centroura and golden grey mullet Liza aurata , re‐cited based on new records, are frequent or common coastal species in the Azores. The remaining 22 species, exceptional or rare in the region, are of tropical or subtropical affinity and find their northernmost distribution limit within the central and north‐east Atlantic Ocean precisely in the Azores. This biogeographical pattern contrasts with that of the Azorean coastal fish community and suggests a tropicalization process in the region in line with previous findings of similar patterns across the north‐east Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. These novel data from the most isolated archipelago of the North Atlantic Ocean, located in a biogeographic boundary area where colonization opportunities are reduced, reinforce the need for long‐term monitoring programmes of coastal fish communities and, in particular, of indicator species groups to improve understanding of the effects of climate change on marine communities.

In situ observations on withdrawal behaviour of the sea pen Virgularia mirabilis

Marine Biodiversity

|

Jul, 2013

1 team member is author

Citations 26 DOI 10.1007/s12526-013-0172-5

Authors 10.1007/s12526-013-0172-5

Stefano Ambroso

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Jordi Grinyó Pablo J. López‐González Josep María Gili Ariadna Purroy Susana Requena Teresa Madurell

Laminaria hyperborea photosynthesis-irradiance relationship measured by oxygen production and pulse-amplitude-modulated chlorophyll fluorometry

Aquatic Biology

|

Jun, 2013

1 team member is author

OA Citations 12 DOI 10.3354/ab00515

Authors 10.3354/ab00515

Pedro Duarte

Manuela Ramos Gonçalo Calado Bruno Jesus

Abstract

Information about photosynthesis-irradiance (P-I) relationships is crucial in many primary production studies. This is frequently obtained using incubation experiments, which may not simulate in situ conditions where algae are adjusting their photosynthetic systems to permanent light variations. There has been increasing interest in pulse-amplitude-modulated (PAM) chlorophyll fluorometry—which measures instantaneous photosynthetic response—particularly in the use of rapid light curves (RLCs) to minimize the confounding effects of light acclimation encountered with traditional ‘steady-state’ light curves (SSLC). However, there is still a lack of information about how oxygen SSLC curves and estimations from fluorescence P-I curves are related. The present study addresses some of these topics, using Laminaria hyperborea. The objectives of this study were to (1) determine the effect of light sequence (increasing or decreasing) in the estimation of P-I parameters, (2) characterize the daily patterns of P-I curve parameters, (3) compare oxygen and fluorescence P-I parameters and (4) evaluate the possibility of converting fluorescence P-I parameters into oxygen production measurements. Results showed that light sequence had no significant effect on P-I parameters (fluorescence and oxygen) and that P-I curves exhibited considerable differences over the day (F-ratio analysis). Fluorescence SSLCs and RLCs were good oxygen production predictors only at sub-saturating irradiances, when significant linear relationships were obtained with results from oxygen incubations. Thus care should be taken when interpreting PAM fluorescence gross production estimations from higher light intensities.

Bryozoan faunal composition and community structure from the continental shelf off Cap de Creus (Northwestern Mediterranean)

Journal of Sea Research

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May, 2013

1 team member is author

Citations 21 DOI 10.1016/j.seares.2013.04.013

Authors 10.1016/j.seares.2013.04.013

Teresa Madurell Míkel Zabala

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Josep María Gili

Seamount physiography and biology in the north-east Atlantic and Mediterranean Sea

Biogeosciences

|

May, 2013

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 47 DOI 10.5194/bg-10-3039-2013

Authors 10.5194/bg-10-3039-2013

Telmo Morato K. Ø. Kvile

Gerald H. Taranto Fernando Tempera Bhavani E. Narayanaswamy Dierk Hebbeln Gui M. Menezes Claudia Wienberg Ricardo S. Santos T. J. Pitcher

Abstract

Abstract. This work aims at characterising the seamount physiography and biology in the OSPAR Convention limits (north-east Atlantic Ocean) and Mediterranean Sea. We first inferred potential abundance, location and morphological characteristics of seamounts, and secondly, summarized the existing biological, geological and oceanographic in situ research, identifying examples of well-studied seamounts. Our study showed that the seamount population in the OSPAR area (north-east Atlantic) and in the Mediterranean Sea is large with around 557 and 101 seamount-like features, respectively. Similarly, seamounts occupy large areas of about 616 000 km2 in the OSPAR region and of about 89 500 km2 in the Mediterranean Sea. The presence of seamounts in the north-east Atlantic has been known since the late 19th century, but overall knowledge regarding seamount ecology and geology is still relatively poor. Only 37 seamounts in the OSPAR area (3.5% of all seamounts in the region), 22 in the Mediterranean Sea (9.2% of all seamounts in the region) and 25 in the north-east Atlantic south of the OSPAR area have in situ information. Seamounts mapped in both areas are in general very heterogeneous, showing diverse geophysical characteristics. These differences will likely affect the biological diversity and production of resident and associated organisms.

Biomass removal from shore-based whaling in the Azores

Fisheries Research

|

Mar, 2013

1 team member is author

Citations 6 DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.02.001

Authors 10.1016/j.fishres.2013.02.001

Rui Prieto Christopher K. Pham Cristina Brito

Telmo Morato

Detrimental effects of ocean acidification on the economically important Mediterranean red coral (Corallium rubrum)

Global Change Biology

|

Feb, 2013

1 team member is author

OA Citations 111 Rising DOI 10.1111/gcb.12171

Authors 10.1111/gcb.12171

Lorenzo Bramanti Juancho Movilla Maricel A. Guron Eva Calvo Andrea Gori

Carlos Dominguez‐Carrió Jordi Grinyó Àngel López‐Sanz Ángela Martínez-Quintana Carles Pelejero Patrizia Ziveri Sérgio Rossi

Abstract

Abstract The mean predicted decrease of 0.3–0.4 pH units in the global surface ocean by the end of the century has prompted urgent research to assess the potential effects of ocean acidification on the marine environment, with strong emphasis on calcifying organisms. Among them, the Mediterranean red coral ( C orallium rubrum ) is expected to be particularly susceptible to acidification effects, due to the elevated solubility of its Mg‐calcite skeleton. This, together with the large overexploitation of this species, depicts a bleak future for this organism over the next decades. In this study, we evaluated the effects of low pH on the species from aquaria experiments. Several colonies of C . rubrum were long‐term maintained for 314 days in aquaria at two different pH levels (8.10 and 7.81, pH T ). Calcification rate, spicule morphology, major biochemical constituents (protein, carbohydrates and lipids) and fatty acids composition were measured periodically. Exposure to lower pH conditions caused a significant decrease in the skeletal growth rate in comparison with the control treatment. Similarly, the spicule morphology clearly differed between both treatments at the end of the experiment, with aberrant shapes being observed only under the acidified conditions. On the other hand, while total organic matter was significantly higher under low pH conditions, no significant differences were detected between treatments regarding total carbohydrate, lipid, protein and fatty acid composition. However, the lower variability found among samples maintained in acidified conditions relative to controls, suggests a possible effect of pH decrease on the metabolism of the colonies. Our results show, for the first time, evidence of detrimental ocean acidification effects on this valuable and endangered coral species.

Total marine fishery catch for the Azores (1950–2010)

ICES Journal of Marine Science

|

Feb, 2013

1 team member is author

OA Citations 66 DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fst024

Authors 10.1093/icesjms/fst024

Christopher K. Pham Ângela Canha Hugo Diogo João Pereira Rui Prieto

Telmo Morato

Abstract

Abstract Pham, C. K., Canha, A., Diogo, H., Pereira, J. G., Prieto, R., and Morato, T. 2013. Total marine fishery catch for the Azores (1950–2010). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: 564–577. Official fishery statistics often fail to report what has been truly extracted from the marine environment. Therefore, in this study, we estimated illegal, unreported, and unregulated (IUU) catch in the context of a small-scale fishery (the Azores) and provide an improved compilation of official catches, including whaling. Reconstructed removals during 1950–2010 total 1.10 million t (95% CI, 1.06–1.16 million t), a factor of 1.17 higher than the amount reported in Azorean official statistics. Unreported catches were attributed to foreign fishing activities (27%), recreational fishing (25%), discards from the demersal fishing fleet (21%), baitfish for the pole-and-line tuna fishery (11%), discards from pelagic longlining (7%), local pelagic fleet landing outside the Azores (3%), coastal invertebrate harvesting (6%), and big-game fishing (0.1%). The overall low level of unreported catches compared to other locations might reflect the small-scale nature of the fisheries, the geographic isolation of the islands, and the small size of its community.

Element concentrations in cold-water gorgonians and black coral from Azores region

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography

|

Jan, 2013

3 team members are authors

Citations 19 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.012

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.012

Joana Raimundo Carlos Vale Miguel Caetano Bárbara Anes

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Inês Martins V. De Matos

Filipe M. Porteiro

Abundance of litter on Condor seamount (Azores, Portugal, Northeast Atlantic)

Deep Sea Research Part II Topical Studies in Oceanography

|

Jan, 2013

1 team member is author

OA Citations 84 DOI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.011

Authors 10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.01.011

Christopher K. Pham José Nuno Gomes‐Pereira Eduardo Isidro Ricardo S. Santos

Telmo Morato

Fishing down the deep: Accounting for within-species changes in depth of fishing

Fisheries Research

|

Jan, 2013

1 team member is author

OA Citations 121 DOI 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.12.004

Authors 10.1016/j.fishres.2012.12.004

Reg Watson

Telmo Morato

Variability in growth rates of long-lived black coral Leiopathes sp. from the Azores

Marine Ecology Progress Series

|

Oct, 2012

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 50 DOI 10.3354/meps10052

Authors 10.3354/meps10052

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Allen H. Andrews Andreia Braga‐Henriques V. De Matos

Filipe M. Porteiro Ricardo S. Santos

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 473:189-199 (2013) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10052 Variability in growth rates of long-lived black coral Leiopathes sp. from the Azores M. Carreiro-Silva1,*, A. H. Andrews2, A. Braga-Henriques1, V. de Matos1, F. M. Porteiro1, R. S. Santos1 1Centre of IMAR of the University of the Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries/UAz & LARSyS Associated Laboratory, Rua Prof. Dr Frederico Machado, 4, PT-9901-862 Horta, Azores, Portugal 2NOAA Fisheries - Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center, 99-193 Aiea Heights Drive 417 Aiea, Hawaii 96701, USA *Email: mcsilva@uac.pt ABSTRACT: Five colonies of black coral Leiopathes sp. were collected as bycatch from depths of 293 to 366 m from the Condor, Açor, and Voador seamounts (Azores region). The colonies had axial diameters between 4.9 and 33.1 mm and heights between 43 and 175 cm. Their ages and radial growth rates were estimated using radiocarbon dating. Results indicated that the smallest and largest colonies had similar radial growth rates of 5 to 7 µm yr−1, whereas the other 3 colonies had grown more rapidly by a factor of 3 to 5 at ~20 to 30 µm yr−1. Colony lifespan ranged between 265 ± 90 and 2320 ± 90 yr. Fine-scale sampling along a radial transect from the edge to the center of the 2320 yr old Leiopathes sp. revealed variable growth rates throughout the colony lifespan. Slower radial growth rates of ~4 to 5 µm yr−1 were recorded over the initial 1600 yr and the last 300 yr of its life span, and a period of more rapid growth (20 µm yr−1) over the intermediate 400 yr of its life. Variability in radial growth rates among colonies resulted in colony ages that were not linearly correlated to colony axis diameter or height. Our findings of great longevity and slow growth rates for Leiopathes sp. agree with other Leiopathes sp. age and growth studies, indicating that colony and population recovery from damage or removal may take centuries to millennia. KEY WORDS: Antipatharia · Cold-water corals · Deep-sea · Growth · Longevity · Radiocarbon · Northeast Atlantic Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Carreiro-Silva M, Andrews AH, Braga-Henriques A, de Matos V, Porteiro FM, Santos RS (2013) Variability in growth rates of long-lived black coral Leiopathes sp. from the Azores. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 473:189-199. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps10052 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 473. Online publication date: January 21, 2013 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2013 Inter-Research.

Sustainability of deep-sea fish species under the European Union Common Fisheries Policy

Ocean & Coastal Management

|

Aug, 2012

1 team member is author

Citations 31 DOI 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.07.033

Authors 10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2012.07.033

Sebastián Villasante

Telmo Morato David Rodríguez-González Manel Antelo Henrik Österblom Les Watling Claire Nouvian Matthew Gianni Gonzalo Macho

An Ecosystem Evaluation Framework for Global Seamount Conservation and Management

PLoS ONE

|

Aug, 2012

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 43 DOI 10.1371/journal.pone.0042950

Authors 10.1371/journal.pone.0042950

Gerald H. Taranto Kristina Øie Kvile Tony J. Pitcher

Telmo Morato

Abstract

In the last twenty years, several global targets for protection of marine biodiversity have been adopted but have failed. The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) aims at preserving 10% of all the marine biomes by 2020. For achieving this goal, ecologically or biologically significant areas (EBSA) have to be identified in all biogeographic regions. However, the methodologies for identifying the best suitable areas are still to be agreed. Here, we propose a framework for applying the CBD criteria to locate potential ecologically or biologically significant seamount areas based on the best information currently available. The framework combines the likelihood of a seamount constituting an EBSA and its level of human impact and can be used at global, regional and local scales. This methodology allows the classification of individual seamounts into four major portfolio conservation categories which can help optimize management efforts toward the protection of the most suitable areas. The framework was tested against 1000 dummy seamounts and satisfactorily assigned seamounts to proper EBSA and threats categories. Additionally, the framework was applied to eight case study seamounts that were included in three out of four portfolio categories: areas highly likely to be identified as EBSA with high degree of threat; areas highly likely to be EBSA with low degree of threat; and areas with a low likelihood of being EBSA with high degree of threat. This framework will allow managers to identify seamount EBSAs and to prioritize their policies in terms of protecting undisturbed areas, disturbed areas for recovery of habitats and species, or both based on their management objectives. It also identifies seamount EBSAs and threats considering different ecological groups in both pelagic and benthic communities. Therefore, this framework may represent an important tool to mitigate seamount biodiversity loss and to achieve the 2020 CBD goals.

Cold-water corals landed by bottom longline fisheries in the Azores (north-eastern Atlantic)

Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom

|

Mar, 2012

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 84 Rising DOI 10.1017/s0025315412000045

Authors 10.1017/s0025315412000045

Íris Sampaio Andreia Braga‐Henriques Christopher K. Pham Óscar Ocaña V. De Matos

Telmo Morato

Filipe M. Porteiro

Abstract

The impact of bottom trawling on cold-water corals (CWC) has been thoroughly studied and shown to be long-lasting; however the effects of bottom longlining on CWC ecosystems have received little attention. The present paper identifies the principal CWC species landed by bottom longlining in Faial (Azores) from 150 to 600 m depth. Data were obtained from a survey of 297 landings during four months coupled with 16 interviews with fishermen. A distinction was made among corals brought on deck directly entangled in the fishing gear (primary by-catch) from corals brought up associated with other larger CWC species or rocks (secondary by-catch). Forty-five (15.2%) of 297 fishing trips surveyed landed coral specimens. The survey recorded 39 different CWC taxa in the by-catch, belonging to five different orders (Scleractinia, Alcyonacea, Antipatharia, Zoanthidea and Anthoathecata). Secondary by-catch included a larger number of species but the total number of corals was in the same order of magnitude for both groups. The taxa most frequently encountered were Leiopathes spp., Errina dabneyi and Dendrophyllia sp. CWC taxa in the by-catch were mostly medium size (10–60 cm), 3-dimensional and branched colonies. Local ecological knowledge of fishermen confirmed that the corals recorded were representative of their past experience and also revealed a general agreement that there has been a decrease of CWC by-catch on traditional fishing grounds. Corals are common by-catch in bottom longline fisheries around the Azores and so conservation measures may be required.

Macrobioerosion of dead branching Porites, 4 and 6 years after coral mass mortality

Marine Ecology Progress Series

|

Mar, 2012

1 team member is author

OA Citations 48 DOI 10.3354/meps09726

Authors 10.3354/meps09726

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Tim R. Mcclanahan

Abstract

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 458:103-122 (2012) - DOI: https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09726 Macrobioerosion of dead branching Porites, 4 and 6 years after coral mass mortality M. Carreiro-Silva1,*, T. R. McClanahan2 1Center of IMAR of the University of Azores, Department of Oceanography and Fisheries & LarSyS – Associated Laboratory, Horta 9901-862, Portugal 2Marine Programs, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York 10460, USA *Email: mcsilva@uac.pt ABSTRACT: Internal bioerosion by macroborers (polychaetes, sipunculans, bivalves, and sponges) was investigated in dead Porites branches collected from 8 coral reefs along the Kenyan coast, 4 and 6 yr after the 1998 mass mortality of corals. Levels of nutrients, benthic cover, and numbers of grazing and invertebrate-eating fish and sea urchins were measured and evaluated for their influence on macrobioerosion. The macroboring community composition was influenced by the grazer composition on each reef; worms were the major macroboring agent where sea urchin biomass was high, and sponges were the dominant agent where herbivorous fish biomass was high. Bivalves accounted for a small proportion of the internal bioerosion and were not measurably influenced by consumers or water quality. The total macrobioerosion rates in Porites branches ranged from 534 ± 70 to 1134 ± 44 g CaCO3 m−2 (4 yr after the coral death) and 837 ± 111 to 2149 ± 314 g CaCO3 m−2 (6 yr after the coral death). The macrobioerosion rates were linearly and positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentrations (chl a) in the water column 4 and 6 yr after the coral death. Sponge boring rates were also positively correlated to chl a 6 yr after coral death but not after the initial 4 yr. Consequently, the macrobioerosion rates responded to nutrient status, but the community of borers changed with the dominant grazers, which in turn were influenced by fisheries management. KEY WORDS: Calcium carbonate · Climate disturbance · Kenya · Marine protected areas · Monitoring · Pollution · Reef framework · Thermal anomaly Full text in pdf format PreviousNextCite this article as: Carreiro-Silva M, McClanahan TR (2012) Macrobioerosion of dead branching Porites, 4 and 6 years after coral mass mortality. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 458:103-122. https://doi.org/10.3354/meps09726 Export citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 458. Online publication date: July 03, 2012 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2012 Inter-Research.

Phosphorus and nitrogen effects on microbial euendolithic communities and their bioerosion rates

Marine Pollution Bulletin

|

Jan, 2012

1 team member is author

Citations 26 DOI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.013

Authors 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2011.12.013

Marina Carreiro‐Silva William Kiene Stjepko Golubić Tim R. Mcclanahan

Sustainability of deep-sea fisheries

Marine Policy

|

Aug, 2011

1 team member is author

Citations 353 DOI 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.008

Authors 10.1016/j.marpol.2011.06.008

Elliott A. Norse Sandra Brooke William W. L. Cheung Malcolm R. Clark Ivar Ekeland Rainer Froese Kristina M. Gjerde Richard L. Haedrich Selina S. Heppell

Telmo Morato Lance Morgan Daniel Pauly Rashid Sumaila Reg Watson

Carrying behavior in the deep-sea crab Paromola cuvieri (Northeast Atlantic)

Marine Biodiversity

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Apr, 2011

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 27 DOI 10.1007/s12526-011-0090-3

Authors 10.1007/s12526-011-0090-3

Andreia Braga‐Henriques

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Fernando Tempera

Filipe M. Porteiro Kirsten Jakobsen Joachim Jakobsen Mónica Albuquerque Ricardo S. Santos

Experimental fisheries for black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) in the Azores, Northeast Atlantic

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Jul, 2010

1 team member is author

Citations 25 DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq087

Authors 10.1093/icesjms/fsq087

Miguel Machete

Telmo Morato Gui M. Menezes

Abstract

Abstract Machete, M., Morato, T., and Menezes, G. 2011. Experimental fisheries for black scabbardfish (Aphanopus carbo) in the Azores, Northeast Atlantic – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 302–308. In this study, we used fisheries observers' data to analyse and describe the experimental fishing of black scabbardfish in the Azores in terms of type of gear, fishing operation, catch per unit effort (cpue), and fish size compositions. Standardized catch in numbers per 1000 hooks varied from 103 to 210 fish with an overall average of 132 fish per 1000 hooks. Recorded cpue values were similar to those recorded for Madeira and mainland Portugal in early 2000 but were higher than those observed in mainland Portugal for recent years. Bycatch was similar to that observed for other longline fisheries but much lower than in the North Atlantic deep-water trawl fishery. Fish size composition showed differences between locations in the Azores. Fish in Pico and São Jorge/Graciosa were consistently smaller than in other areas sampled and this may reflect the occurrence of an additional species, Aphanopus intermedius, in this area as proposed by gene analyses. Black scabbardfish (of possibly two species) may be considered an alternative resource for Azorean fisheries. Based on experience from other scabbardfish fisheries, however, it is suggested that fishing mortality should be maintained at a low level, traditional fishing methods should be encouraged, and bycatch should be closely monitored. Future studies of biology and distribution, stock assessments, and fisheries management advice should take into account the probable occurrence of two very similar species in the area. This study also highlights the importance of maintaining the fishery monitoring programme for the black scabbardfish fisheries in the Azores.

Isozoanthus primnoidus, a new species of zoanthid (Cnidaria: Zoantharia) associated with the gorgonian Callogorgia verticillata (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea)

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Jun, 2010

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 26 DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq073

Authors 10.1093/icesjms/fsq073

Marina Carreiro‐Silva Andreia Braga‐Henriques Íris Sampaio V. De Matos

Filipe M. Porteiro Óscar Ocaña

Abstract

Abstract Carreiro-Silva, M., Braga-Henriques, A., Sampaio, I., de Matos, V., Porteiro, F. M., and Ocaña, O. 2011. Isozoanthus primnoidus, a new species of zoanthid (Cnidaria: Zoantharia) associated with the gorgonian Callogorgia verticillata (Cnidaria: Alcyonacea). – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 408–415. In the Azores, Northeast Atlantic, an undescribed epizoan zoanthid is often found in association with the cold-water gorgonian Callogorgia verticillata at 110–800 m depth. This zoanthid was identified as a new species, Isozoanthus primnoidus sp. nov., based on morphological and anatomical characters of the polyps and type of cnidae. The distinguishing features of I. primnoidus are coenenchyme, column, and oral disc light brown, with short, translucent tentacles. Contracted polyps have column diameter up to 3 mm and height up to 2 mm. Ectoderm and outer mesogloea are densely encrusted with mineral particles and gorgonian sclerites. Capitulum bears a maximum of 14 distinctive ridges. Isozoanthus primnoidus was associated with 17% of C. verticillata colonies studied, and covered 14 ± 5% of the gorgonian colony. There was strong evidence of a parasitic relationship whereby I. primoidus progressively eliminates gorgonian tissue and uses the gorgonian axis for structure and support, and sclerites for protection.

The association between a deep-sea gastropod Pedicularia sicula (Caenogastropoda: Pediculariidae) and its coral host Errina dabneyi (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) in the Azores

ICES Journal of Marine Science

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Jun, 2010

2 team members are authors

OA Citations 30 DOI 10.1093/icesjms/fsq066

Authors 10.1093/icesjms/fsq066

Andreia Braga‐Henriques

Marina Carreiro‐Silva

Filipe M. Porteiro V. De Matos Íris Sampaio Óscar Ocaña Sérgio P. Ávila

Abstract

Abstract Braga-Henriques, A., Carreiro-Silva, M., Porteiro, F. M., de Matos, V., Sampaio, Í., Ocaña, O., and Ávila, S., P. 2011. The association between a deep-sea gastropod Pedicularia sicula (Caenogastropoda: Pediculariidae) and its coral host Errina dabneyi (Hydrozoa: Stylasteridae) in the Azores. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 68: 399–407. The Azores region harbours the richest communities of stylasterid corals in the Northeast Atlantic area. Of the nine deep-water species found there, Errina dabneyi seems to be the most abundant species; it is commonly collected as bycatch from longline fishing. E. dabneyi host Pedicularia gastropods on their branches, and a detailed study of shell shape and morphometry at different growth stages, complemented by shell characterization through scanning electron microscopy, allows the individuals to be identified as Pedicularia sicula. The incidence of this species on E. dabneyi was high (69.8%), with abundances ranging between 1 and 223 individuals per colony. The pediculariids exhibited a high degree of plasticity and produced evident traces on the stylasterid skeletons at their fixation points, suggesting that they are ectoparasites and not predators of E. dabneyi. The stylasterid colonies also hosted a rich associated fauna dominated by suspension-feeders using the coral as substratum and for protection.

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